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Test 8 · Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them…

Leah's grandad: "Back in my day, kiddo, streets were proper dark." Before 1807, how were most London streets at night?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: grandad · What happens: be · To what, where: most London streets

This is test 8 of lesson 73 «Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Leah's grandad: "Back in my day, kiddo, streets were proper dark."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Leah	Leah	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 grandad	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Leah	case
3	grandad	grandad	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 dark	nsubj
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	9 day	punct
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 Back	punct
6	Back	back	ADV	_	9 day	advmod
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 day	case
8	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 day	nmod:poss
9	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 dark	nsubj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 kiddo	punct
11	kiddo	kiddo	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 day	vocative
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 day	punct
13	streets	street	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 dark	nsubj
14	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 dark	cop
15	proper	proper	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 dark	amod
16	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	16 dark	punct
18	"	"	PUNCT	_	16 dark	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is in a quote	past	Leah's grandad					dark property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Before 1807, how were most London streets at night?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Before	before	ADP	_	2 1807	case
2	1807	1807	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 streets	punct
4	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	8 streets	advmod
5	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 streets	cop
6	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	8 streets	amod
7	London	London	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 streets	compound
8	streets	street	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 1807	conj
9	at	at	ADP	_	10 night	case
10	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 streets	nmod
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 1807	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past		most London streets			night		tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Mostly dark, apart from lamps, candles and torches

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mostly	mostly	ADV	_	2 dark	advmod
2	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 lamps	amod
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 lamps	punct
4	apart	apart	ADV	_	6 lamps	advmod
5	from	from	ADP	_	6 lamps	case
6	lamps	lamp	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 candles	punct
8	candles	candle	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 lamps	conj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 torches	cc
10	torches	torch	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 lamps	conj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

As bright as daytime

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	As	as	ADV	_	2 bright	advmod
2	bright	bright	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
3	as	as	ADP	_	4 daytime	case
4	daytime	daytime	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bright	obl

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3

Lit by bright neon signs over the shops

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lit	lit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
2	by	by	ADP	_	5 signs	case
3	bright	bright	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 signs	amod
4	neon	neon	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 signs	compound
5	signs	sign	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Lit	obl
6	over	over	ADP	_	8 shops	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 shops	det
8	shops	shop	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Lit	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lit	participle				the shops		by bright neon signs	tree rules

Option 4

Lit by rows of electric street lamps on every corner

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lit	lit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
2	by	by	ADP	_	3 rows	case
3	rows	row	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Lit	obl
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 lamps	case
5	electric	electric	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 lamps	amod
6	street	street	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 lamps	compound
7	lamps	lamp	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 rows	nmod
8	on	on	ADP	_	10 corner	case
9	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	10 corner	det
10	corner	corner	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Lit	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lit	participle				every corner		by rows of electric street lamps	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/t8/