Test 6 · Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them… On an Edinburgh ghost tour the guide yells "Gardyloo!" and says, "Aye, hen, folk chucked muck oot the windaes every night." ("Hen" means dear; "oot the windaes" means out of the windows.) What's the fair picture?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: guide, hen, oot, fair picture · What happens: yell, say, chuck, oot, mean, be · To what, where: Gardyloo, Edinburgh ghost tour, windows · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 6 of lesson 73 «Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: On an Edinburgh ghost tour the guide yells "Gardyloo!" and says, "Aye, hen, folk chucked muck oot the windaes every night."
case det compound compound obl det nsubj punct obj punct punct cc conj punct punct discourse punct nsubj punct conj amod compound ccomp det conj det obl:unmarked punct punct root On ADP an DET Edinburgh PROPN ghost NOUN tour NOUN the DET guide NOUN yells VERB " PUNCT Gardyloo NOUN ! PUNCT " PUNCT and CCONJ says VERB , PUNCT " PUNCT Aye INTJ , PUNCT hen NOUN , PUNCT folk NOUN chucked VERB muck NOUN oot NOUN the DET windaes NOUN every DET night NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 On on ADP _ 5 tour case 2 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 tour det 3 Edinburgh Edinburgh PROPN Number=Sing 5 tour compound 4 ghost ghost NOUN Number=Sing 5 tour compound 5 tour tour NOUN Number=Sing 8 yells obl 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 guide det 7 guide guide NOUN Number=Sing 8 yells nsubj 8 yells yell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 " " PUNCT _ 10 Gardyloo punct 10 Gardyloo gardyloo NOUN Number=Sing 8 yells obj 11 ! ! PUNCT _ 10 Gardyloo punct 12 " " PUNCT _ 10 Gardyloo punct 13 and and CCONJ _ 14 says cc 14 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 yells conj 15 , , PUNCT _ 17 Aye punct 16 " " PUNCT _ 17 Aye punct 17 Aye aye INTJ _ 24 oot discourse 18 , , PUNCT _ 19 hen punct 19 hen hen NOUN Number=Sing 24 oot nsubj 20 , , PUNCT _ 21 folk punct 21 folk folk NOUN Number=Sing 19 hen conj 22 chucked chuck VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 24 oot amod 23 muck muck NOUN Number=Sing 24 oot compound 24 oot oot NOUN Number=Sing 14 says ccomp 25 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 26 windaes det 26 windaes windae NOUN Number=Plur 24 oot conj 27 every every DET PronType=Tot 28 night det 28 night night NOUN Number=Sing 14 says obl:unmarked 29 . . PUNCT _ 8 yells punct 30 " " PUNCT _ 8 yells punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 yell speech: express present the guide Gardyloo a Edinburgh ghost tour vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gardyloo=Topic 2 say speech: assert present the guide not said here night vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 3 chuck in a quote participle vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 4 oot in a quote hen and folk tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: ("Hen" means dear; "oot the windaes" means out of the windows.)
punct punct nsubj punct xcomp punct punct nsubj det conj punct conj case case det obl punct punct root ( PUNCT " PUNCT Hen PROPN " PUNCT means VERB dear ADJ ; PUNCT " PUNCT oot NOUN the DET windaes NOUN " PUNCT means VERB out ADP of ADP the DET windows NOUN . PUNCT ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 5 means punct 2 " " PUNCT _ 3 Hen punct 3 Hen Hen PROPN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 4 " " PUNCT _ 3 Hen punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 dear dear ADJ Degree=Pos 5 means xcomp 7 ; ; PUNCT _ 13 means punct 8 " " PUNCT _ 9 oot punct 9 oot oot NOUN Number=Sing 13 means nsubj 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 windaes det 11 windaes windae NOUN Number=Plur 9 oot conj 12 " " PUNCT _ 11 windaes punct 13 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 means conj 14 out out ADP _ 17 windows case 15 of of ADP _ 17 windows case 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 windows det 17 windows window NOUN Number=Plur 13 means obl 18 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct 19 ) ) PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Hen dear property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 mean present oot and the windaes the windows vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Sentence 3: What's the fair picture?
cop det amod nsubj punct root What PRON 's AUX the DET fair ADJ picture NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int root root 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 What cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 picture det 4 fair fair ADJ Degree=Pos 5 picture amod 5 picture picture NOUN Number=Sing 1 What nsubj 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 1 What punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the fair picture tree rules
The options Option 1 · ← Mova's choice Only the king was allowed to do it from his castle
advmod det nsubj:pass aux:pass mark xcomp obj case nmod:poss obl root Only ADV the DET king NOUN was AUX allowed VERB to PART do VERB it PRON from ADP his PRON castle NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Only only ADV _ 5 allowed advmod 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 king det 3 king king NOUN Number=Sing 5 allowed nsubj:pass 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 allowed aux:pass 5 allowed allow VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 to to PART _ 7 do mark 7 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 allowed xcomp 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 do obj 9 from from ADP _ 11 castle case 10 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 castle nmod:poss 11 castle castle NOUN Number=Sing 7 do obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 allow past · passive the king vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality 2 do not said to happen to-infinitive the king not said here it king's castle vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality
Option 2 It never happened; it's a story made up for ghost tours
nsubj advmod punct nsubj cop det conj acl compound:prt case compound obl root It PRON never ADV happened VERB ; PUNCT it PRON 's AUX a DET story NOUN made VERB up ADP for ADP ghost NOUN tours NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 happened nsubj 2 never never ADV PronType=Neg 3 happened advmod 3 happened happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 ; ; PUNCT _ 8 story punct 5 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 story nsubj 6 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 story cop 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 story det 8 story story NOUN Number=Sing 3 happened conj 9 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 story acl 10 up up ADP _ 9 made compound:prt 11 for for ADP _ 13 tours case 12 ghost ghost NOUN Number=Sing 13 tours compound 13 tours tour NOUN Number=Plur 9 made obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not happen past It vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is a present it a story tree rules 3 make up participle a story not said here for ghost tours vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
Option 3 Everyone did it all the time, and the town council said it was fine
The tree, 14 words nsubj obj det:predet det obl:unmarked punct cc det compound nsubj parataxis expl cop ccomp root Everyone PRON did VERB it PRON all DET the DET time NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ the DET town NOUN council NOUN said VERB it PRON was AUX fine ADJ The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 2 did nsubj 2 did do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 did obj 4 all all DET PronType=Tot 6 time det:predet 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 time det 6 time time NOUN Number=Sing 2 did obl:unmarked 7 , , PUNCT _ 12 said punct 8 and and CCONJ _ 12 said cc 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 council det 10 town town NOUN Number=Sing 11 council compound 11 council council NOUN Number=Sing 12 said nsubj 12 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 did parataxis 13 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 fine expl 14 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 15 fine cop 15 fine fine ADJ Degree=Pos 12 said ccomp
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do past Everyone it time vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality 2 say speech: assert past the town council vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 3 is past fine property tree rules
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer It happened, but it was against the rules and people were fined
nsubj punct cc nsubj cop case det nsubj:pass cc conj aux:pass conj root It PRON happened VERB , PUNCT but CCONJ it PRON was AUX against ADP the DET rules NOUN and CCONJ people NOUN were AUX fined VERB The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 happened nsubj 2 happened happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 , , PUNCT _ 13 fined punct 4 but but CCONJ _ 13 fined cc 5 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 rules nsubj 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 rules cop 7 against against ADP _ 9 rules case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 rules det 9 rules rule NOUN Number=Plur 13 fined nsubj:pass 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 people cc 11 people people NOUN Number=Plur 9 rules conj 12 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 13 fined aux:pass 13 fined fine VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 happened conj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 happen past It vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is past it against the rules and people tree rules 3 fine past · passive the rules and people vn bill-54.5-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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