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Test 5 · Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them…

Charlie's mate: "Flush loos are ancient, the Romans had 'em in every house, no cap." What's more exact?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: mate, Romans · What happens: be, have · To what, where: 'em, house

This is test 5 of lesson 73 «Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Charlie's mate: "Flush loos are ancient, the Romans had 'em in every house, no cap."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Charlie	Charlie	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 mate	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Charlie	case
3	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 ancient	nsubj
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	9 ancient	punct
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 ancient	punct
6	Flush	flush	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 loos	amod
7	loos	loo	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 ancient	nsubj
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 ancient	cop
9	ancient	ancient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 had	punct
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 Romans	det
12	Romans	Roman	PROPN	Number=Plur	13 had	nsubj
13	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 ancient	conj
14	'em	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 had	obj
15	in	in	ADP	_	17 house	case
16	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	17 house	det
17	house	house	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 had	obl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 cap	punct
19	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	20 cap	det
20	cap	cap	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 house	appos
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 ancient	punct
22	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 ancient	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is in a quote	present	Charlie's mate					ancient property	tree rules
2	have in a quote	past	the Romans	'em = they		every house			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's more exact?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 exact	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 exact	cop
3	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	4 exact	advmod
4	exact	exact	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 exact	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						exact property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Every single home on Earth has one today

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	3 home	det
2	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 home	amod
3	home	home	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 has	nsubj
4	on	on	ADP	_	5 Earth	case
5	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 home	nmod
6	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 today	nummod
8	today	today	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 has	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	every single home on Earth				today		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Flush toilets were only invented in 2000

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Flush	flush	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 toilets	compound
2	toilets	toilet	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 invented	nsubj:pass
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 invented	aux:pass
4	only	only	ADV	_	5 invented	advmod
5	invented	invent	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 2000	case
7	2000	2000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 invented	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	invent	past · passive		Flush toilets		2000			vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

An early flush toilet came in 1596, and they became common in homes only in the 1800s and 1900s

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 toilet	det
2	early	early	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 toilet	amod
3	flush	flush	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 toilet	compound
4	toilet	toilet	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 came	nsubj
5	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 1596	case
7	1596	1596	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 came	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 became	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 became	cc
10	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 became	nsubj
11	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 came	conj
12	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 became	xcomp
13	in	in	ADP	_	14 homes	case
14	homes	home	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 common	obl
15	only	only	ADV	_	18 1800s	advmod
16	in	in	ADP	_	18 1800s	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 1800s	det
18	1800s	1800	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	11 became	obl
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 1900s	cc
20	1900s	1900	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	18 1800s	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	past	a early flush toilet			1596			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 1596=Location
2	become	past	they					in the 1800s and 1900s result; common property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in 1800=Result

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Your mate's right: every Roman house had its own flush toilet, and nothing changed until today

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 mate	nmod:poss
2	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 right	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 mate	case
4	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	:	:	PUNCT	_	9 had	punct
6	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	8 house	det
7	Roman	roman	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 house	amod
8	house	house	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 had	nsubj
9	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 right	conj
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 toilet	nmod:poss
11	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 toilet	amod
12	flush	flush	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 toilet	compound
13	toilet	toilet	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 had	obj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 changed	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 changed	cc
16	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	17 changed	nsubj
17	changed	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 right	conj
18	until	until	SCONJ	_	17 changed	obl
19	today	today	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 changed	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	every Roman house	house's own flush toilet					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toilet=Patient
2	change	past	nothing				today		vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/t5/