Test 10 · Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and o…
Kai from an Iowa farm: "City kids think food comes from shops lol." What is true?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: City kids, food · What happens: think, come, be · To what, where: shops · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 10 of lesson 74 «Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and of today» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Kai from an Iowa farm: "City kids think food comes from shops lol."
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kai | Kai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 farm | nsubj |
| 2 | from | from | ADP | _ | 5 farm | case |
| 3 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 farm | det |
| 4 | Iowa | Iowa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 farm | compound |
| 5 | farm | farm | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 10 think | punct |
| 7 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 think | punct |
| 8 | City | City | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 kids | compound |
| 9 | kids | kid | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 think | nsubj |
| 10 | think | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 farm | parataxis |
| 11 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 comes | nsubj |
| 12 | comes | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 think | ccomp |
| 13 | from | from | ADP | _ | 14 shops | case |
| 14 | shops | shop | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 comes | obl |
| 15 | lol | lol | INTJ | _ | 12 comes | discourse |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 farm | punct |
| 17 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 farm | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | think speech: other in a quote | present | City kids | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 2 | come in a quote | present | food | shops | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from shop=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What is true?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 3 true | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 true | cop |
| 3 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 true | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | true property | tree rules |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Most city people grow all their own food on their balconies and roofs
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 3 people | amod |
| 2 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 people | compound |
| 3 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 grow | nsubj |
| 4 | grow | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 8 food | det:predet |
| 6 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 food | nmod:poss |
| 7 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 food | amod |
| 8 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 grow | obj |
| 9 | on | on | ADP | _ | 11 balconies | case |
| 10 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 balconies | nmod:poss |
| 11 | balconies | balcony | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 grow | obl |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 roofs | cc |
| 13 | roofs | roof | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 balconies | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | present | Most city people | people's own food | people's balconies and roofs | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location food=Theme |
Option 2
Farms are only found inside cities
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Farms | farm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 found | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 found | aux:pass |
| 3 | only | only | ADV | _ | 4 found | advmod |
| 4 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | inside | inside | ADP | _ | 6 cities | case |
| 6 | cities | city | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 found | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | find | present · passive | Farms | cities | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
Option 3
Shops make the food in the back room
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Shops | shop | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 make | nsubj |
| 2 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 food | det |
| 4 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 make | obj |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 room | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 room | det |
| 7 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 room | compound |
| 8 | room | room | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 make | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present | Shops | the food | the back room | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset food=Product |
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
A few farmers with machines grow food for millions of city people
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 farmers | det |
| 2 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 farmers | amod |
| 3 | farmers | farmer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 grow | nsubj |
| 4 | with | with | ADP | _ | 5 machines | case |
| 5 | machines | machine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 farmers | nmod |
| 6 | grow | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 grow | obj |
| 8 | for | for | ADP | _ | 9 millions | case |
| 9 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 grow | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 people | case |
| 11 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 people | compound |
| 12 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 millions | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | present | a few farmers with machines | food | for millions of city people | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent food=Material for million=Beneficiary |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today/t10/