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Test 9 · Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and o…

Leo: "Why build a whole capital from scratch, that's mad." What's a reason?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: Leo, that · What happens: build, be · To what, where: whole capital, scratch, reason

This is test 9 of lesson 74 «Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and of today» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Leo: "Why build a whole capital from scratch, that's mad."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Leo	Leo	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 build	nsubj
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	5 build	punct
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 build	punct
4	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	5 build	advmod
5	build	build	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 capital	det
7	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 capital	amod
8	capital	capital	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 build	obj
9	from	from	ADP	_	10 scratch	case
10	scratch	scratch	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 build	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 mad	punct
12	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	14 mad	nsubj
13	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 mad	cop
14	mad	mad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 build	conj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 build	punct
16	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 build	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	build in a quote	infinitive	Leo	a whole capital		scratch			vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent capital=Product from scratch=Material
2	is in a quote	present	that					mad property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's a reason?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 reason	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 reason	det
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 reason	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present		a reason					tree rules

The options

Option 1

Because games told them to

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Because	because	SCONJ	_	3 told	mark
2	games	game	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 told	nsubj
3	told	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 told	iobj
5	to	to	PART	_	3 told	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	past	games		them = they				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient

Option 2

Because the President liked camping

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Because	because	SCONJ	_	4 liked	mark
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 President	det
3	President	President	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 liked	nsubj
4	liked	like	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	camping	camping	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 liked	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	like	past	the President	camping					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot camping=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

To be fair between regions instead of choosing an old rival city

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	3 fair	mark
2	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	3 fair	cop
3	fair	fair	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	between	between	ADP	_	5 regions	case
5	regions	region	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 fair	obl
6	instead	instead	ADV	ExtPos=SCONJ	8 choosing	mark
7	of	of	ADP	_	6 instead	fixed
8	choosing	choose	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 fair	advcl
9	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 city	det
10	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 city	amod
11	rival	rival	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 city	compound
12	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 choosing	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	to-infinitive						between regions; fair property	tree rules
2	choose	gerund		a old rival city					vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent city=Theme

Option 4

Because the old capital ran out of bricks and could not grow any more

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Because	because	SCONJ	_	5 ran	mark
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 capital	det
3	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 capital	amod
4	capital	capital	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 ran	nsubj
5	ran	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	out	out	ADP	_	8 bricks	case
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 bricks	case
8	bricks	brick	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 ran	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 grow	cc
10	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 grow	aux
11	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 grow	advmod
12	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 ran	conj
13	any	any	ADV	_	14 more	advmod
14	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	12 grow	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	run	past	the old capital			bricks			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme out brick=Trajectory
2	not grow	could	the old capital not said here						vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today/t9/