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Test 6 · Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and o…

Ben stares at the Burj Khalifa: "Bro, how is it not falling down?" What would happen if there were no safe lifts?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Ben, Bro, safe lifts · What happens: stare, not be, happen, be · To what, where: Burj Khalifa

This is test 6 of lesson 74 «Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and of today» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Ben stares at the Burj Khalifa: "Bro, how is it not falling down?"

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ben	Ben	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 stares	nsubj
2	stares	stare	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	at	at	ADP	_	6 Khalifa	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Khalifa	det
5	Burj	Burj	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 Khalifa	compound
6	Khalifa	Khalifa	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 stares	obl
7	:	:	PUNCT	_	9 Bro	punct
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 Bro	punct
9	Bro	bro	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 stares	parataxis
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 falling	punct
11	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	15 falling	advmod
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 falling	cop
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 falling	nsubj
14	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	15 falling	advmod
15	falling	fall	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 Bro	acl:relcl
16	down	down	ADP	_	15 falling	compound:prt
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 stares	punct
18	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 stares	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stare	present	Ben			the Burj Khalifa			tree rules
2	not is in a quote	present	Bro					fall property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What would happen if there were no safe lifts?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 happen	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 happen	aux
3	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	if	if	SCONJ	_	6 were	mark
5	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	6 were	expl
6	were	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 happen	advcl
7	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	9 lifts	det
8	safe	safe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 lifts	amod
9	lifts	lift	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 were	nsubj
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 happen	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	would							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	be a condition, not said to happen	past	no safe lifts			there			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1

Stairs would be faster than lifts anyway, so nothing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Stairs	stair	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 lifts	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 lifts	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 lifts	cop
4	faster	fast	ADV	Degree=Cmp	6 lifts	advmod
5	than	than	ADP	_	6 lifts	case
6	lifts	lift	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
7	anyway	anyway	ADV	_	6 lifts	advmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 nothing	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	10 nothing	advmod
10	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	6 lifts	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	would	Stairs					than lifts; anyway, fast property	tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Very tall buildings would be almost useless for people

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Very	very	ADV	_	2 tall	advmod
2	tall	tall	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 buildings	amod
3	buildings	building	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 useless	nsubj
4	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 useless	aux
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 useless	cop
6	almost	almost	ADV	_	7 useless	advmod
7	useless	useless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	for	for	ADP	_	9 people	case
9	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 useless	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	would	tall buildings					for people; almost, useless property	tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Buildings would just grow taller and taller

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Buildings	building	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 grow	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 grow	aux
3	just	just	ADV	_	4 grow	advmod
4	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	taller	tall	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 grow	xcomp
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 taller	cc
7	taller	tall	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 taller	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	would	Buildings					tall property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Nothing at all, bro, lifts are just there for fun

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	root	root
2	at	at	ADP	_	3 all	case
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	1 Nothing	nmod
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 bro	punct
5	bro	bro	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Nothing	conj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 there	punct
7	lifts	lift	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 there	nsubj
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 there	cop
9	just	just	ADV	_	10 there	advmod
10	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	1 Nothing	parataxis
11	for	for	ADP	_	12 fun	case
12	fun	fun	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 there	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	lifts					for fun; there property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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