Exam question 4 · Ideas on the move: numbers, paper, letters, chess and news
Ascertain the principal finding of a study published in two thousand and eighteen concerning false news upon social media.
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: ascertain, publish, concern, find · To what, where: principal finding, study, two thousand
This is exam question 4 of lesson 75 «Ideas on the move: numbers, paper, letters, chess and news» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ascertain | ascertain | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 finding | det |
| 3 | principal | principal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 finding | amod |
| 4 | finding | finding | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Ascertain | obj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 study | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 study | det |
| 7 | study | study | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 finding | nmod |
| 8 | published | publish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 study | acl |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 thousand | case |
| 10 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 11 thousand | compound |
| 11 | thousand | thousand | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 8 published | obl |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 eighteen | cc |
| 13 | eighteen | eighteen | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 11 thousand | conj |
| 14 | concerning | concern | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 news | case |
| 15 | false | false | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 news | amod |
| 16 | news | news | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 thousand | nmod |
| 17 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 19 media | case |
| 18 | social | social | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 media | amod |
| 19 | media | media | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 news | nmod |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Ascertain | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ascertain | imperative | you not said here | the principal finding of a study | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent finding=Topic | ||||
| 2 | publish | participle | a study not said here | two thousand concern false news upon social media | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | concern | gerund | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 4 | find | a study | nom finding «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1
False news was never disseminated
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | False | false | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 news | amod |
| 2 | news | news | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 disseminated | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 disseminated | aux:pass |
| 4 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 5 disseminated | advmod |
| 5 | disseminated | disseminate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not disseminate | past · passive | False news | vn contribute-13.2-1 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: subject=Theme |
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
False news was disseminated faster and further than true news
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | False | false | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 news | amod |
| 2 | news | news | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 disseminated | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 disseminated | aux:pass |
| 4 | disseminated | disseminate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | faster | fast | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 4 disseminated | advmod |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 further | cc |
| 7 | further | far | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 5 faster | conj |
| 8 | than | than | ADP | _ | 10 news | case |
| 9 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 news | amod |
| 10 | news | news | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 disseminated | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | disseminate | past · passive | False news | than true news; fast property | vn contribute-13.2-1 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: subject=Theme |
Option 3
False news was invariably labelled as such
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | False | false | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 news | amod |
| 2 | news | news | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 labelled | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 labelled | aux:pass |
| 4 | invariably | invariably | ADV | _ | 5 labelled | advmod |
| 5 | labelled | labell | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | as | as | ADP | _ | 7 such | case |
| 7 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 labelled | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | labell | past · passive | False news | as such; invariably property | tree rules |
Option 4
True news was disseminated a hundred times faster
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | True | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 news | amod |
| 2 | news | news | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 disseminated | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 disseminated | aux:pass |
| 4 | disseminated | disseminate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 hundred | det |
| 6 | hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 7 times | nummod |
| 7 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 faster | obl:unmarked |
| 8 | faster | fast | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 4 disseminated | xcomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | disseminate | past · passive | True news | fast property | vn contribute-13.2-1 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: subject=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/75-ideas-on-the-move-numbers-paper-letters-chess-and-news/e4/