Test 12 · ★ · Ideas on the move: numbers, paper, letters, chess and news

What would have happened if paper had never left China?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: happen, not leave · To what, where: paper

This is test 12 · ★ of lesson 75 «Ideas on the move: numbers, paper, letters, chess and news» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 happened	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 happened	aux
3	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 happened	aux
4	happened	happen	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	if	if	SCONJ	_	9 left	mark
6	paper	paper	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 left	nsubj:pass
7	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 left	aux
8	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	9 left	advmod
9	left	leave	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 happened	advcl
10	China	China	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 left	obj
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 happened	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	would · perfect							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	not leave a condition, not said to happen	past · perfect · passive		paper					vn sustain-55.6-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme china=Attribute

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Books in other lands would have stayed costly, written on skins

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Books	book	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 stayed	nsubj:pass
2	in	in	ADP	_	4 lands	case
3	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 lands	amod
4	lands	land	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Books	nmod
5	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 stayed	aux
6	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 stayed	aux
7	stayed	stay	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	costly	costly	ADV	_	7 stayed	advmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 written	punct
10	written	write	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 stayed	conj
11	on	on	ADP	_	12 skins	case
12	skins	skin	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 written	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stay	would · perfect · passive		Books in other lands				costly property	vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: subject=Location
2	write	participle				skins			vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on skin=Destination

Option 2

Europe would have had even more books

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 had	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 had	aux
3	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 had	aux
4	had	have	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	even	even	ADV	_	6 more	advmod
6	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 books	amod
7	books	book	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 had	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	would · perfect	Europe	more books					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Patient

Option 3

Nothing at all would have changed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	6 changed	nsubj
2	at	at	ADP	_	3 all	case
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	1 Nothing	nmod
4	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 changed	aux
5	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 changed	aux
6	changed	change	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	would · perfect	Nothing						vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Everyone would have started using phones much earlier instead

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	4 started	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 started	aux
3	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 started	aux
4	started	start	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	using	use	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 started	xcomp
6	phones	phone	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 using	obj
7	much	much	ADV	_	8 earlier	advmod
8	earlier	early	ADV	Degree=Cmp	5 using	advmod
9	instead	instead	ADV	_	5 using	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	start	would · perfect	Everyone						vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
2	use	gerund	Everyone not said here	phones				early, instead property	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent phone=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/75-ideas-on-the-move-numbers-paper-letters-chess-and-news/t12/