Test 3 · ★ · Ideas on the move: numbers, paper, letters, chess and news Zara: "A was an ox head? No way, that's mad!" Her nan: "Aye, pet, letters were pictures once." ("Pet" means dear, in the North East.) What's true?
Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: Zara, way, nan, Pet · What happens: be, mean · To what, where: ox head, pictures, North East
This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 75 «Ideas on the move: numbers, paper, letters, chess and news» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Zara: "A was an ox head?
nsubj punct punct det cop det compound punct root Zara PROPN : PUNCT " PUNCT A DET was AUX an DET ox NOUN head NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Zara Zara PROPN Number=Sing 8 head nsubj 2 : : PUNCT _ 8 head punct 3 " " PUNCT _ 8 head punct 4 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 head det 5 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 head cop 6 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 head det 7 ox ox NOUN Number=Sing 8 head compound 8 head head NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 8 head punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a in a quote past Zara a ox head tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: No way, that's mad!"
det nsubj punct nsubj cop punct punct root No DET way NOUN , PUNCT that PRON 's AUX mad ADJ ! PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 No no DET PronType=Neg 2 way det 2 way way NOUN Number=Sing 6 mad nsubj 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 way punct 4 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 6 mad nsubj 5 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 mad cop 6 mad mad ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 ! ! PUNCT _ 6 mad punct 8 " " PUNCT _ 6 mad punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present no way mad property tree rules
Sentence 3: Her nan: "Aye, pet, letters were pictures once."
nmod:poss nsubj punct punct discourse punct vocative punct conj cop advmod punct punct root Her PRON nan NOUN : PUNCT " PUNCT Aye INTJ , PUNCT pet NOUN , PUNCT letters NOUN were AUX pictures NOUN once ADV . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 nan nmod:poss 2 nan nan NOUN Number=Sing 11 pictures nsubj 3 : : PUNCT _ 5 Aye punct 4 " " PUNCT _ 5 Aye punct 5 Aye aye INTJ _ 2 nan discourse 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 pet punct 7 pet pet NOUN Number=Sing 5 Aye vocative 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 letters punct 9 letters letter NOUN Number=Plur 2 nan conj 10 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 pictures cop 11 pictures picture NOUN Number=Plur root root 12 once once ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Mult 11 pictures advmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 11 pictures punct 14 " " PUNCT _ 11 pictures punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a in a quote past Zara's nan and letters pictures once property tree rules
Sentence 4: ("Pet" means dear, in the North East.)
punct punct nsubj punct xcomp punct case det compound obj punct punct root ( PUNCT " PUNCT Pet NOUN " PUNCT means VERB dear ADJ , PUNCT in ADP the DET North PROPN East PROPN . PUNCT ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 5 means punct 2 " " PUNCT _ 3 Pet punct 3 Pet pet NOUN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 4 " " PUNCT _ 3 Pet punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 dear dear ADJ Degree=Pos 5 means xcomp 7 , , PUNCT _ 11 East punct 8 in in ADP _ 11 East case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 East det 10 North North PROPN Number=Sing 11 East compound 11 East East PROPN Number=Sing 5 means obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct 13 ) ) PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Pet the North East dear property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent east=Topic
Sentence 5: What's true?
nsubj cop punct root What PRON 's AUX true ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 3 true nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 true cop 3 true true ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 true punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present true property tree rules
The options Option 1 A was first a picture of an apple
det cop advmod det case det nmod root A DET was AUX first ADV a DET picture NOUN of ADP an DET apple NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 picture det 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 picture cop 3 first first ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 5 picture advmod 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 picture det 5 picture picture NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 8 apple case 7 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 apple det 8 apple apple NOUN Number=Sing 5 picture nmod
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past a picture of a apple; first property tree rules
Option 2 Letters were always just lines
nsubj cop advmod advmod root Letters NOUN were AUX always ADV just ADV lines NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Letters letter NOUN Number=Plur 5 lines nsubj 2 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 lines cop 3 always always ADV PronType=Tot 5 lines advmod 4 just just ADV _ 5 lines advmod 5 lines line NOUN Number=Plur root root
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past Letters lines always property tree rules
Option 3 Letters were invented by the Romans from nothing at all, in one go
nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl:agent case obl case nmod punct case nummod parataxis root Letters NOUN were AUX invented VERB by ADP the DET Romans PROPN from ADP nothing PRON at ADP all DET , PUNCT in ADP one NUM go NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Letters letter NOUN Number=Plur 3 invented nsubj:pass 2 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 invented aux:pass 3 invented invent VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 by by ADP _ 6 Romans case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 Romans det 6 Romans Roman PROPN Number=Plur 3 invented obl:agent 7 from from ADP _ 8 nothing case 8 nothing nothing PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 3 invented obl 9 at at ADP _ 10 all case 10 all all DET PronType=Tot 8 nothing nmod 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 go punct 12 in in ADP _ 14 go case 13 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 14 go nummod 14 go go NOUN Number=Sing 3 invented parataxis
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 invent past · passive the Romans Letters nothing vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent subject=Result from nothing=Material
Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer The first letter began as a drawing of an ox's head
det amod nsubj case det obl case det nmod:poss case nmod root The DET first ADJ letter NOUN began VERB as ADP a DET drawing NOUN of ADP an DET ox NOUN 's PART head NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 letter det 2 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 3 letter amod 3 letter letter NOUN Number=Sing 4 began nsubj 4 began begin VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 as as ADP _ 7 drawing case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 drawing det 7 drawing drawing NOUN Number=Sing 4 began obl 8 of of ADP _ 12 head case 9 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 ox det 10 ox ox NOUN Number=Sing 12 head nmod:poss 11 's 's PART _ 10 ox case 12 head head NOUN Number=Sing 7 drawing nmod
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 begin past the first letter as a drawing of a ox's head vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 2 draw a ox's head nom drawing «communication intransitive»: of=agent
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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