Exam question 1 · Worries and hopes: climate, the UN, space, AI, and is the…

Identify the principal cause of the warming of the Earth observed since the late nineteenth century.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, principal cause, Earth · What happens: identify, observe, cause, warm · To what, where: warming

This is exam question 1 of lesson 79 «Worries and hopes: climate, the UN, space, AI, and is the world getting better?» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 cause	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 cause	amod
4	cause	cause	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 observed	nsubj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 warming	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 warming	det
7	warming	warming	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cause	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 Earth	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 Earth	det
10	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 warming	nmod
11	observed	observe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	1 Identify	parataxis
12	since	since	ADP	_	16 century	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 century	det
14	late	late	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 century	amod
15	nineteenth	nineteenth	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 century	amod
16	century	century	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 observed	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here			vn empathize-88.2 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
2	observe	past	the principal cause of the warming of the Earth		century	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
3	cause			the warming of the Earth		nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient
4	warm		the Earth			nom warming «process intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The combustion of coal, oil and gas by human beings

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 combustion	det
2	combustion	combustion	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 coal	case
4	coal	coal	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 combustion	nmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 oil	punct
6	oil	oil	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 combustion	appos
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 gas	cc
8	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 oil	conj
9	by	by	ADP	_	11 beings	case
10	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 beings	amod
11	beings	being	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 combustion	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	combust		coal						nom combustion «process intransitive»: of=agent

Option 2

The activity of volcanoes alone, without any human part

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 activity	det
2	activity	activity	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 volcanoes	case
4	volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 activity	nmod
5	alone	alone	ADV	_	4 volcanoes	advmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 part	punct
7	without	without	ADP	_	10 part	case
8	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	10 part	det
9	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 part	amod
10	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 activity	conj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3

The approach of the Sun towards the Earth year by year

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 approach	det
2	approach	approach	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 Sun	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Sun	det
5	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 approach	nmod
6	towards	towards	ADP	_	9 year	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 year	det
8	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 year	compound
9	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 approach	nmod
10	by	by	ADP	_	11 year	case
11	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 year	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	approach		the Sun				towards the Earth year by year		nom approach «act intransitive»: of=agent towards=obl

Option 4

The respiration of cattle and other domestic animals

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 respiration	det
2	respiration	respiration	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 cattle	case
4	cattle	cattle	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 respiration	nmod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 animals	cc
6	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 animals	amod
7	domestic	domestic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 animals	amod
8	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 cattle	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	respire		cattle and other domestic animals						nom respiration «act intransitive»: of=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/79-worries-and-hopes-is-the-world-getting-better/e1/