Test 5 · ★★ · Worries and hopes: climate, the UN, space, AI, and is the… Danylo: "Are there fewer wars now?" His dad: "It's complicated, synku." ("Synku" means son, in Ukrainian.) Why is it complicated?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Danylo, dad, Synku, it · What happens: be, mean · To what, where: son
This is test 5 · ★★ of lesson 79 «Worries and hopes: climate, the UN, space, AI, and is the world getting better?» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Danylo: "Are there fewer wars now?"
nsubj punct punct cop amod obl advmod punct punct root Danylo PROPN : PUNCT " PUNCT Are AUX there ADV fewer ADJ wars NOUN now ADV ? PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Danylo Danylo PROPN Number=Sing 5 there nsubj 2 : : PUNCT _ 1 Danylo punct 3 " " PUNCT _ 1 Danylo punct 4 Are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 there cop 5 there there ADV PronType=Dem root root 6 fewer few ADJ Degree=Cmp 7 wars amod 7 wars war NOUN Number=Plur 5 there obl 8 now now ADV PronType=Dem 5 there advmod 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 there punct 10 " " PUNCT _ 5 there punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is in a quote present Danylo now fewer wars obl ; there property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: His dad: "It's complicated, synku."
nmod:poss nsubj punct punct nsubj cop punct dep punct punct root His PRON dad NOUN : PUNCT " PUNCT It PRON 's AUX complicated ADJ , PUNCT synku X . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 dad nmod:poss 2 dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 7 complicated nsubj 3 : : PUNCT _ 7 complicated punct 4 " " PUNCT _ 7 complicated punct 5 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 complicated nsubj 6 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 complicated cop 7 complicated complicated ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 synku punct 9 synku synku X Foreign=Yes 7 complicated dep 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 complicated punct 11 " " PUNCT _ 7 complicated punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is in a quote present Danylo's dad complicated property tree rules
Sentence 3: ("Synku" means son, in Ukrainian.)
punct punct nsubj punct obj punct case appos punct punct root ( PUNCT " PUNCT Synku PROPN " PUNCT means VERB son NOUN , PUNCT in ADP Ukrainian PROPN . PUNCT ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 5 means punct 2 " " PUNCT _ 3 Synku punct 3 Synku Synku PROPN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 4 " " PUNCT _ 3 Synku punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 son son NOUN Number=Sing 5 means obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 Ukrainian punct 8 in in ADP _ 9 Ukrainian case 9 Ukrainian Ukrainian PROPN Number=Sing 6 son appos 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct 11 ) ) PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Synku son vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent son=Topic
Sentence 4: Why is it complicated?
advmod cop nsubj punct root Why ADV is AUX it PRON complicated ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Why why ADV PronType=Int 4 complicated advmod 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 complicated cop 3 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 complicated nsubj 4 complicated complicated ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 complicated punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present it complicated property tree rules
The options Option 1 · ← Mova's choice Nobody knows what a war is
nsubj ccomp det nsubj cop root Nobody PRON knows VERB what PRON a DET war NOUN is AUX The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Nobody nobody PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 2 knows nsubj 2 knows know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 what what PRON PronType=Int 2 knows ccomp 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 war det 5 war war NOUN Number=Sing 3 what nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 what cop
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 know present Nobody vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 2 is a present a war tree rules
Option 2 All wars ended in 1945
det nsubj case obl root All DET wars NOUN ended VERB in ADP 1945 NUM The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 All all DET PronType=Tot 2 wars det 2 wars war NOUN Number=Plur 3 ended nsubj 3 ended end VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 5 1945 case 5 1945 1945 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 ended obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 end past all wars 1945 vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Option 3 There were never any wars before 1945
expl advmod det nsubj case obl root There PRON were VERB never ADV any DET wars NOUN before ADP 1945 NUM The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 were expl 2 were be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 never never ADV PronType=Neg 5 wars advmod 4 any any DET PronType=Ind 5 wars det 5 wars war NOUN Number=Plur 2 were nsubj 6 before before ADP _ 7 1945 case 7 1945 1945 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 were obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past any wars 1945; there vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before 1945=Location
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer Some measures show fewer war deaths after 1945, but recent years saw more fighting
The tree, 14 words det nsubj amod compound obj case obl punct cc amod nsubj conj amod obj root Some DET measures NOUN show VERB fewer ADJ war NOUN deaths NOUN after ADP 1945 NUM , PUNCT but CCONJ recent ADJ years NOUN saw VERB more ADJ fighting NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 measures det 2 measures measure NOUN Number=Plur 3 show nsubj 3 show show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 fewer few ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 deaths amod 5 war war NOUN Number=Sing 6 deaths compound 6 deaths death NOUN Number=Plur 3 show obj 7 after after ADP _ 8 1945 case 8 1945 1945 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 show obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 13 saw punct 10 but but CCONJ _ 13 saw cc 11 recent recent ADJ Degree=Pos 12 years amod 12 years year NOUN Number=Plur 13 saw nsubj 13 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 show conj 14 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 15 fighting amod 15 fighting fighting NOUN Number=Sing 13 saw obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present some measures fewer war deaths after 1945 vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent death=Recipient 2 see past recent years more fighting vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer fighting=Stimulus
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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