Test 5 · ★★★ · Games vs history: tech trees, barbarians, empty lands, won… Ella's game pops up: "The Maya have fallen!" Her Guatemalan friend laughs: "Bro, I'm literally Maya." What should be put right?
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: game, Maya, Guatemalan friend, I · What happens: pop up, fall, laugh, be, put · To what, where: Bro, Maya · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 5 · ★★★ of lesson 80 «Games vs history: tech trees, barbarians, empty lands, wonders and falls» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Ella's game pops up: "The Maya have fallen!"
nmod:poss case nsubj compound:prt punct punct det nsubj aux parataxis punct punct root Ella PROPN 's PART game NOUN pops VERB up ADP : PUNCT " PUNCT The DET Maya PROPN have AUX fallen VERB ! PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ella Ella PROPN Number=Sing 3 game nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Ella case 3 game game NOUN Number=Sing 4 pops nsubj 4 pops pop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 up up ADP _ 4 pops compound:prt 6 : : PUNCT _ 11 fallen punct 7 " " PUNCT _ 11 fallen punct 8 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 Maya det 9 Maya Maya PROPN Number=Sing 11 fallen nsubj 10 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 fallen aux 11 fallen fall VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 4 pops parataxis 12 ! ! PUNCT _ 11 fallen punct 13 " " PUNCT _ 11 fallen punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pop up present Ella's game tree rules 2 fall in a quote present · perfect the Maya vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Her Guatemalan friend laughs: "Bro, I'm literally Maya."
nmod:poss compound nsubj punct punct obj punct nsubj cop advmod appos punct punct root Her PRON Guatemalan PROPN friend NOUN laughs VERB : PUNCT " PUNCT Bro NOUN , PUNCT I PRON 'm AUX literally ADV Maya PROPN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 friend nmod:poss 2 Guatemalan Guatemalan PROPN Number=Sing 3 friend compound 3 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 4 laughs nsubj 4 laughs laugh VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 : : PUNCT _ 7 Bro punct 6 " " PUNCT _ 7 Bro punct 7 Bro bro NOUN Number=Sing 4 laughs obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 12 Maya punct 9 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 12 Maya nsubj 10 'm be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 Maya cop 11 literally literally ADV _ 12 Maya advmod 12 Maya Maya PROPN Number=Sing 7 Bro appos 13 . . PUNCT _ 12 Maya punct 14 " " PUNCT _ 7 Bro punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 laugh present Maya's Guatemalan friend Bro vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bro=Theme 2 is a in a quote present I Maya literally property tree rules
Sentence 3: What should be put right?
nsubj:pass aux aux:pass advmod punct root What PRON should AUX be AUX put VERB right ADV ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 4 put nsubj:pass 2 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 put aux 3 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 4 put aux:pass 4 put put VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 right right ADV _ 4 put advmod 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put should · passive right property vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: subject=Goal
The options Option 1 Ella's friend is joking, the Maya are long gone
nmod:poss case nsubj aux punct det nsubj cop advmod ccomp root Ella PROPN 's PART friend NOUN is AUX joking VERB , PUNCT the DET Maya PROPN are AUX long ADV gone VERB The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ella Ella PROPN Number=Sing 3 friend nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Ella case 3 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 5 joking nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 joking aux 5 joking joke VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 joking punct 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 Maya det 8 Maya Maya PROPN Number=Sing 11 gone nsubj 9 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 gone cop 10 long long ADV Degree=Pos 11 gone advmod 11 gone go VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 5 joking ccomp
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 joke speech: other present · progressive Ella's friend tree rules 2 is present the Maya go, long property tree rules
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer Maya cities declined, but millions of Maya people live and speak Mayan languages today
The tree, 14 words compound nsubj punct cc nsubj case compound nmod conj cc conj amod obj obl:unmarked root Maya PROPN cities NOUN declined VERB , PUNCT but CCONJ millions NOUN of ADP Maya PROPN people NOUN live VERB and CCONJ speak VERB Mayan ADJ languages NOUN today NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Maya Maya PROPN Number=Sing 2 cities compound 2 cities city NOUN Number=Plur 3 declined nsubj 3 declined decline VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 10 live punct 5 but but CCONJ _ 10 live cc 6 millions million NOUN Number=Plur 10 live nsubj 7 of of ADP _ 9 people case 8 Maya Maya PROPN Number=Sing 9 people compound 9 people people NOUN Number=Plur 6 millions nmod 10 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 declined conj 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 speak cc 12 speak speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 live conj 13 Mayan mayan ADJ Degree=Pos 14 languages amod 14 languages language NOUN Number=Plur 12 speak obj 15 today today NOUN Number=Sing 3 declined obl:unmarked
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 decline past Maya cities today vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute 2 live present millions of Maya people vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 speak speech: other present millions of Maya people not said here Mayan languages tree rules
Option 3 The Maya never existed
det nsubj advmod root The DET Maya PROPN never ADV existed VERB The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Maya det 2 Maya Maya PROPN Number=Sing 4 existed nsubj 3 never never ADV PronType=Neg 4 existed advmod 4 existed exist VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not exist past the Maya vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Option 4 The Maya vanished without a trace
det nsubj case det obl root The DET Maya PROPN vanished VERB without ADP a DET trace NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Maya det 2 Maya Maya PROPN Number=Sing 3 vanished nsubj 3 vanished vanish VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 without without ADP _ 6 trace case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 trace det 6 trace trace NOUN Number=Sing 3 vanished obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 vanish past the Maya without a trace vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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