Test 4 · ★★ · How writing began: from tally marks and pictures to the al…
Turn a capital A upside down. Which old picture might you see?
Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, old picture · What happens: turn, see · To what, where: capital
This is test 4 · ★★ of lesson 82 «How writing began: from tally marks and pictures to the alphabet» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Turn a capital A upside down.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Turn | turn | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 capital | det |
| 3 | capital | capital | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Turn | obj |
| 4 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 upside | det |
| 5 | upside | upside | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Turn | obj |
| 6 | down | down | ADV | _ | 1 Turn | advmod |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Turn | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | turn | imperative | you not said here | a capital | down property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP ADJ.result»: agent=Agent capital=Theme upside=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Which old picture might you see?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 see | obj |
| 2 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 picture | amod |
| 3 | picture | picture | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 see | nsubj |
| 4 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 see | aux |
| 5 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 6 see | nsubj |
| 6 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 7 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 6 see | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | might | old picture | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer which=Stimulus |
The options
Option 1
A fish with its mouth open
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 fish | det |
| 2 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 open | nsubj |
| 3 | with | with | ADP | _ | 5 mouth | case |
| 4 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 mouth | nmod:poss |
| 5 | mouth | mouth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 fish | nmod |
| 6 | open | open | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
An ox's head with two horns
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 ox | det |
| 2 | ox | ox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 head | nmod:poss |
| 3 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 2 ox | case |
| 4 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | with | with | ADP | _ | 7 horns | case |
| 6 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 7 horns | nummod |
| 7 | horns | horn | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 head | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 3
A snake curled round an egg
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 snake | det |
| 2 | snake | snake | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | curled | curl | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 snake | acl |
| 4 | round | round | ADP | _ | 6 egg | case |
| 5 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 egg | det |
| 6 | egg | egg | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 curled | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | curl | participle | a snake not said here | a egg | vn coil-9.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme round egg=Destination |
Option 4 · ← Mova's choice
A house with a door
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 house | det |
| 2 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | with | with | ADP | _ | 5 door | case |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 door | det |
| 5 | door | door | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 house | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/82-how-writing-began-from-tally-marks-and-pictures-to-the-alphabet/t4/