Test 2 · ★★★ · Olympiad: timelines, centuries and which came first ★★★

★★★ Nan in Cardiff: «Rome began in 753 BC and Caesar died in 44 BC, so Rome was 709 years younger, lush.» What's her slip?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Rome, Caesar, slip · What happens: begin, die, be, lush, slip · To what, where: 753

This is test 2 · ★★★ of lesson 85 «Olympiad: timelines, centuries and which came first ★★★» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: ★★★ Nan in Cardiff: «Rome began in 753 BC and Caesar died in 44 BC, so Rome was 709 years younger, lush.»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	★	★	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 ★	compound
2	★	★	X	_	3 ★	compound
3	★	★	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	Nan	Nan	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 ★	appos
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 Cardiff	case
6	Cardiff	Cardiff	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 Nan	nmod
7	:	:	PUNCT	_	10 began	punct
8	«	«	PUNCT	_	10 began	punct
9	Rome	Rome	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 began	nsubj
10	began	begin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 ★	parataxis
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 753	case
12	753	753	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	10 began	obl
13	BC	BC	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 753	nmod:unmarked
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 died	cc
15	Caesar	Caesar	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 died	nsubj
16	died	die	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 began	conj
17	in	in	ADP	_	18 44	case
18	44	44	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	16 died	obl
19	BC	BC	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 44	nmod:unmarked
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 younger	punct
21	so	so	ADV	_	26 younger	advmod
22	Rome	Rome	PROPN	Number=Sing	26 younger	nsubj
23	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	26 younger	cop
24	709	709	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	25 years	nummod
25	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 younger	obl:unmarked
26	younger	young	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 ★	parataxis
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 lush	punct
28	lush	lush	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	26 younger	parataxis
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 ★	punct
30	»	»	PUNCT	_	3 ★	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	when	other	roles by
1	begin in a quote	past	Rome	753 BC			vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
2	die in a quote	past	Caesar			in 44 BC	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in 44=Attribute
3	is in a quote	past	Rome		year	young property	tree rules
4	lush in a quote	infinitive					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's her slip?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 slip	nmod:poss
4	slip	slip	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Rome's slip						tree rules
2	slip		Rome						nom slip «act intransitive»: poss=agent

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The gap is only 44 years, since Caesar's year counts

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 gap	det
2	gap	gap	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 years	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 years	cop
4	only	only	ADV	_	5 44	advmod
5	44	44	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 years	nummod
6	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 counts	punct
8	since	since	SCONJ	_	12 counts	mark
9	Caesar	Caesar	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 year	nmod:poss
10	's	's	PART	_	9 Caesar	case
11	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 counts	nsubj
12	counts	count	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 years	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the gap	44 years					tree rules
2	count	present	Caesar's year						vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus

Option 2

None; a bigger BC number is always the later year

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	None	none	PRON	PronType=Neg	root	root
2	;	;	PUNCT	_	11 year	punct
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 number	det
4	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 number	amod
5	BC	BC	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 number	compound
6	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 year	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 year	cop
8	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	11 year	advmod
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 year	det
10	later	late	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	11 year	amod
11	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 None	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a bigger BC number	the later year				always property	tree rules

Option 3

The gap is 797 years, since BC years must be added

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 gap	det
2	gap	gap	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 added	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 years	cop
4	797	797	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 years	nummod
5	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 gap	appos
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 gap	punct
7	since	since	ADP	_	9 years	case
8	BC	BC	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 years	compound
9	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 gap	nmod
10	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 added	aux
11	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	12 added	aux:pass
12	added	add	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present		797 years					tree rules
2	add speech: assert	must · passive		the gap since BC years					vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Rome is 709 years older: bigger BC is earlier

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rome	Rome	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 older	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 older	cop
3	709	709	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	4 years	nummod
4	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 older	obl:unmarked
5	older	old	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	10 earlier	advcl
6	:	:	PUNCT	_	7 bigger	punct
7	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 older	conj
8	BC	BC	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 bigger	obl
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 earlier	cop
10	earlier	early	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Rome		year	old property	tree rules
2	be		Rome not said here	BC			tree rules
3	is	present				early property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/85-olympiad-timelines-centuries-and-which-came-first/t2/