Test 2 · ★★★ · Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★
★★★ Aoife in Galway: «Sure, people learned to read first, then books got cheap, then printing came along.» Fix the order.
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: people, books, printing, you · What happens: learn, read, get, come along, fix · To what, where: order
This is test 2 · ★★★ of lesson 86 «Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: ★★★ Aoife in Galway: «Sure, people learned to read first, then books got cheap, then printing came along.»
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ★ | ★ | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 ★ | compound |
| 2 | ★ | ★ | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | ★ | ★ | ADP | _ | 4 Aoife | case |
| 4 | Aoife | Aoife | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 ★ | nmod |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 Galway | case |
| 6 | Galway | Galway | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 ★ | nmod |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 learned | punct |
| 8 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 12 learned | punct |
| 9 | Sure | sure | INTJ | _ | 12 learned | discourse |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 Sure | punct |
| 11 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 learned | nsubj |
| 12 | learned | learn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 ★ | parataxis |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 read | mark |
| 14 | read | read | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 learned | xcomp |
| 15 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 14 read | advmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 got | punct |
| 17 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 19 got | advmod |
| 18 | books | book | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 got | nsubj |
| 19 | got | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 learned | parataxis |
| 20 | cheap | cheap | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 got | xcomp |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 came | punct |
| 22 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 24 came | advmod |
| 23 | printing | printing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 came | nsubj |
| 24 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 got | conj |
| 25 | along | along | ADV | _ | 24 came | advmod |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 ★ | punct |
| 27 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 2 ★ | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | learn in a quote | past | people | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | read in a quote | to-infinitive | people not said here | first property | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | get in a quote | past | books | then | cheap property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | |||
| 4 | come along in a quote | past | printing | then | along property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Fix the order.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fix | fix | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 order | det |
| 3 | order | order | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Fix | obj |
| 4 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Fix | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fix | imperative | you not said here | the order | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent order=Patient |
The options
Option 1
Printing, readers, then the books got dear
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Printing | printing | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 readers | punct |
| 3 | readers | reader | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Printing | conj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 got | punct |
| 5 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 8 got | advmod |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 books | det |
| 7 | books | book | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 got | nsubj |
| 8 | got | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 1 Printing | conj |
| 9 | dear | dear | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 got | xcomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | get | past | the books | then | dear property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice
Cheap books, printing, then readers
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cheap | cheap | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 books | amod |
| 2 | books | book | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 printing | punct |
| 4 | printing | printing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 books | conj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 readers | punct |
| 6 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 7 readers | advmod |
| 7 | readers | reader | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 books | conj |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
Printing, cheap books, more readers
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Printing | printing | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 books | punct |
| 3 | cheap | cheap | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 books | amod |
| 4 | books | book | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Printing | conj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 readers | punct |
| 6 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 7 readers | amod |
| 7 | readers | reader | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Printing | conj |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 4
Readers, cheap books, then printing
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Readers | reader | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 books | punct |
| 3 | cheap | cheap | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 books | amod |
| 4 | books | book | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Readers | conj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 printing | punct |
| 6 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 7 printing | advmod |
| 7 | printing | printing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Readers | conj |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/t2/