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Test 2 · ★★★ · Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★

★★★ Aoife in Galway: «Sure, people learned to read first, then books got cheap, then printing came along.» Fix the order.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: people, books, printing, you · What happens: learn, read, get, come along, fix · To what, where: order

This is test 2 · ★★★ of lesson 86 «Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: ★★★ Aoife in Galway: «Sure, people learned to read first, then books got cheap, then printing came along.»

compoundcasenmodcasenmodpunctpunctdiscoursepunctnsubjparataxismarkxcompadvmodpunctadvmodnsubjparataxisxcomppunctadvmodnsubjconjadvmodpunctpunctroot★PROPN★NOUN★ADPAoifePROPNinADPGalwayPROPN:PUNCT«PUNCTSureINTJ,PUNCTpeopleNOUNlearnedVERBtoPARTreadVERBfirstADV,PUNCTthenADVbooksNOUNgotVERBcheapADJ,PUNCTthenADVprintingNOUNcameVERBalongADV.PUNCT»PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1★★PROPNNumber=Sing2 ★compound
2★★NOUNNumber=Singrootroot
3★★ADP_4 Aoifecase
4AoifeAoifePROPNNumber=Sing2 ★nmod
5ininADP_6 Galwaycase
6GalwayGalwayPROPNNumber=Sing2 ★nmod
7::PUNCT_12 learnedpunct
8««PUNCT_12 learnedpunct
9SuresureINTJ_12 learneddiscourse
10,,PUNCT_9 Surepunct
11peoplepeopleNOUNNumber=Plur12 learnednsubj
12learnedlearnVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin2 ★parataxis
13totoPART_14 readmark
14readreadVERBVerbForm=Inf12 learnedxcomp
15firstfirstADVNumForm=Word NumType=Ord14 readadvmod
16,,PUNCT_19 gotpunct
17thenthenADVPronType=Dem19 gotadvmod
18booksbookNOUNNumber=Plur19 gotnsubj
19gotgetVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin12 learnedparataxis
20cheapcheapADJDegree=Pos19 gotxcomp
21,,PUNCT_24 camepunct
22thenthenADVPronType=Dem24 cameadvmod
23printingprintingNOUNNumber=Sing24 camensubj
24camecomeVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin19 gotconj
25alongalongADV_24 cameadvmod
26..PUNCT_2 ★punct
27»»PUNCT_2 ★punct
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1learn in a quotepastpeoplevn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2read in a quoteto-infinitivepeople not said herefirst propertyvn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3get in a quotepastbooksthencheap propertyvn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
4come along in a quotepastprintingthenalong propertyvn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Fix the order.

detobjpunctrootFixVERBtheDETorderNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1FixfixVERBMood=Imp VerbForm=Finrootroot
2thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art3 orderdet
3orderorderNOUNNumber=Sing1 Fixobj
4..PUNCT_1 Fixpunct
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1fiximperativeyou not said herethe ordervn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent order=Patient

The options

Option 1

Printing, readers, then the books got dear

punctconjpunctadvmoddetnsubjconjxcomprootPrintingNOUN,PUNCTreadersNOUN,PUNCTthenADVtheDETbooksNOUNgotVERBdearADJ
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1PrintingprintingNOUNNumber=Singrootroot
2,,PUNCT_3 readerspunct
3readersreaderNOUNNumber=Plur1 Printingconj
4,,PUNCT_8 gotpunct
5thenthenADVPronType=Dem8 gotadvmod
6thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art7 booksdet
7booksbookNOUNNumber=Plur8 gotnsubj
8gotgetVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin1 Printingconj
9deardearADJDegree=Pos8 gotxcomp
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1getpastthe booksthendear propertyvn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Cheap books, printing, then readers

amodpunctconjpunctadvmodconjrootCheapADJbooksNOUN,PUNCTprintingNOUN,PUNCTthenADVreadersNOUN
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1CheapcheapADJDegree=Pos2 booksamod
2booksbookNOUNNumber=Plurrootroot
3,,PUNCT_4 printingpunct
4printingprintingNOUNNumber=Sing2 booksconj
5,,PUNCT_7 readerspunct
6thenthenADVPronType=Dem7 readersadvmod
7readersreaderNOUNNumber=Plur2 booksconj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Printing, cheap books, more readers

punctamodconjpunctamodconjrootPrintingNOUN,PUNCTcheapADJbooksNOUN,PUNCTmoreADJreadersNOUN
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1PrintingprintingNOUNNumber=Singrootroot
2,,PUNCT_4 bookspunct
3cheapcheapADJDegree=Pos4 booksamod
4booksbookNOUNNumber=Plur1 Printingconj
5,,PUNCT_7 readerspunct
6moremoreADJDegree=Cmp7 readersamod
7readersreaderNOUNNumber=Plur1 Printingconj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4

Readers, cheap books, then printing

punctamodconjpunctadvmodconjrootReadersNOUN,PUNCTcheapADJbooksNOUN,PUNCTthenADVprintingNOUN
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1ReadersreaderNOUNNumber=Plurrootroot
2,,PUNCT_4 bookspunct
3cheapcheapADJDegree=Pos4 booksamod
4booksbookNOUNNumber=Plur1 Readersconj
5,,PUNCT_7 printingpunct
6thenthenADVPronType=Dem7 printingadvmod
7printingprintingNOUNNumber=Sing1 Readersconj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/t2/