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Test 1 · What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares

Your mate goes "slang ain't proper language bruv, it's just noise." What's the best answer?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: mate, best answer · What happens: go, be · To what, where: slang, noise

This is test 1 of lesson 1 «What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Your mate goes "slang ain't proper language bruv, it's just noise."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 mate	nmod:poss
2	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 goes	nsubj
3	goes	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 slang	punct
5	slang	slang	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 goes	obl
6	ai	ai	X	Foreign=Yes	5 slang	parataxis
7	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 proper	advmod
8	proper	proper	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 bruv	amod
9	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 bruv	compound
10	bruv	bruv	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 ai	flat
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 noise	punct
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 noise	nsubj
13	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 noise	cop
14	just	just	ADV	_	15 noise	advmod
15	noise	noise	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 slang	conj
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 goes	punct
17	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 goes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go	present	Your mate	slang and noise					vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is a in a quote	present	mate	noise					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's the best answer?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 answer	det
4	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	5 answer	amod
5	answer	answer	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the best answer						tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Slang has shared meanings, so it is real language

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Slang	slang	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shared	nsubj:pass
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 shared	aux
3	shared	share	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	meanings	meaning	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 shared	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 language	punct
6	so	so	ADV	_	10 language	advmod
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 language	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 language	cop
9	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 language	amod
10	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shared	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	share	present · perfect · passive		Slang					tree rules
2	is a	present	Slang	real language					tree rules

Option 2

Slang becomes language only when it is printed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Slang	slang	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 becomes	nsubj
2	becomes	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 becomes	xcomp
4	only	only	ADV	_	8 printed	advmod
5	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	8 printed	advmod
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 printed	nsubj:pass
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 printed	aux:pass
8	printed	print	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 becomes	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	present	Slang	language					vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
2	print	present · passive		Slang					vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 3

He's right, but only for texting

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 texting	punct
5	but	but	CCONJ	_	8 texting	cc
6	only	only	ADV	_	8 texting	advmod
7	for	for	ADP	_	8 texting	case
8	texting	texting	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 right	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	He					right property	tree rules

Option 4

He's right, slang has no meaning at all and no rules either

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 has	punct
5	slang	slang	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 has	nsubj
6	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	csubj
7	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	8 meaning	det
8	meaning	meaning	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 has	obj
9	at	at	ADP	_	10 all	case
10	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	8 meaning	nmod
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 rules	cc
12	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	13 rules	det
13	rules	rule	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 meaning	conj
14	either	either	ADV	PronType=Ind	6 has	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	He					right property	tree rules
2	have	present	slang	no meaning and no rules		all		either property	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meaning=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules/t1/