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Test 11 · What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares

Uncle Dave says y'all is just a mistake people make when they don't know better. What's true?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Uncle Dave, y'all, people · What happens: say, be, make, not know · To what, where: mistake · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 11 of lesson 1 «What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Uncle Dave says y'all is just a mistake people make when they don't know better.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Uncle	Uncle	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Dave	compound
2	Dave	Dave	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	y'all	y'all	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 mistake	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 mistake	cop
6	just	just	ADV	_	8 mistake	advmod
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 mistake	det
8	mistake	mistake	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	ccomp
9	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 make	nsubj
10	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 mistake	acl:relcl
11	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	15 know	advmod
12	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 know	nsubj
13	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 know	aux
14	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	15 know	advmod
15	know	know	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 make	advcl
16	better	good	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	15 know	xcomp
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Uncle Dave						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is a	present	y'all	a mistake					tree rules
3	make	present	people	a mistake not said here					vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mistake=Product
4	not know	present · do-support	people					good property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

He is right, it's a spelling mistake

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 mistake	punct
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 mistake	nsubj
6	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 mistake	cop
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 mistake	det
8	spelling	spelling	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 mistake	compound
9	mistake	mistake	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 right	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	He					right property	tree rules
2	is a	present	it	a spelling mistake					tree rules

Option 2

It is only used by cowboys in films

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 used	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 used	aux:pass
3	only	only	ADV	_	4 used	advmod
4	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 cowboys	case
6	cowboys	cowboy	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 used	obl
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 films	case
8	films	film	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 used	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present · passive	cowboys	It		films			vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It is a normal part of Southern American English, meaning you all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 part	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 part	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 part	det
4	normal	normal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 part	amod
5	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 English	case
7	Southern	southern	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 English	amod
8	American	American	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 English	amod
9	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 part	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 meaning	punct
11	meaning	mean	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 part	acl
12	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	11 meaning	obj
13	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	12 you	nmod:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a normal part				of Southern American English	tree rules
2	mean	gerund	a normal part not said here	you					vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Topic

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

It means "yellow" in Texas

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 means	nsubj
2	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 yellow	punct
4	yellow	yellow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 means	obj
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 yellow	punct
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 Texas	case
7	Texas	Texas	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 means	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	It	yellow				in Texas	vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot yellow=Theme in texas=Attribute

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules/t11/