Mova0.5 pre-release⌕

☰

home / corpora / questions / Language / Silent letters and the mystery of -ough / t8

Test 8 · Silent letters and the mystery of -ough

In a cartoon, a knight says "Ka-nig-ht" with every letter. Which is true?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: knight, Ka · What happens: say, ht, be · To what, where: cartoon · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 8 of lesson 13 «Silent letters and the mystery of -ough» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon, a knight says "Ka-nig-ht" with every letter.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 says	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 cartoon	punct
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 knight	det
6	knight	knight	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 says	nsubj
7	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 ht	punct
9	Ka	Ka	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 ht	nsubj
10	-	-	PUNCT	_	9 Ka	punct
11	nig	nig	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 ht	compound
12	-	-	PUNCT	_	13 ht	punct
13	ht	ht	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 says	ccomp
14	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 ht	punct
15	with	with	ADP	_	17 letter	case
16	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	17 letter	det
17	letter	letter	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 ht	nmod
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a knight			a cartoon			vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent in cartoon=Manner
2	ht in a quote		Ka					with every letter	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Which is true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

It was always said "nite"

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 said	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 said	aux:pass
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	4 said	advmod
4	said	say	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 nite	punct
6	nite	nite	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 said	ccomp
7	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 nite	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	past · passive		It				always property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic

Option 2

It's said that way in America today

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 said	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 said	aux:pass
3	said	say	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	5 way	det
5	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 said	nsubj
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 America	case
7	America	America	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 way	nmod
8	today	today	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 said	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present · passive		It			today		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic

Option 3

Nobody has ever said the k in knight, not even a thousand years ago

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	4 said	nsubj
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 said	aux
3	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	4 said	advmod
4	said	say	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 k	det
6	k	k	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 said	obj
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 knight	case
8	knight	knight	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 said	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 years	punct
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	14 years	advmod
11	even	even	ADV	_	13 thousand	advmod
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 thousand	det
13	thousand	thousand	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	14 years	nummod
14	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 said	obl:unmarked
15	ago	ago	ADV	_	14 years	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present · perfect	Nobody	the k			ever; year	in knight	vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent k=Theme in knight=Manner

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Long ago people did say the k and the gh, though not exactly like that

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	2 ago	advmod
2	ago	ago	ADV	_	5 say	advmod
3	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 say	nsubj
4	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 say	aux
5	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 k	det
7	k	k	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 say	obj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 gh	cc
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 gh	det
10	gh	gh	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 k	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 that	punct
12	though	though	SCONJ	_	16 that	mark
13	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	14 exactly	advmod
14	exactly	exactly	ADV	_	16 that	advmod
15	like	like	ADP	_	16 that	case
16	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	5 say	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	past · do-support	people	the k and the gh				like that; ago property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent k=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/13-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough/t8/