Test 9 · Silent letters and the mystery of -ough
A boomer grandad from Cornwall, proper gurt keen on puzzles ("gurt" means very), asks: how many of "knee, wrist, lamb, water, bough" have a silent letter?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: gurt, boomer grandad, many · What happens: mean, ask, have · To what, where: silent letter · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 9 of lesson 13 «Silent letters and the mystery of -ough» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 grandad | det |
| 2 | boomer | boomer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 grandad | compound |
| 3 | grandad | grandad | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 asks | nsubj |
| 4 | from | from | ADP | _ | 5 Cornwall | case |
| 5 | Cornwall | Cornwall | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 grandad | nmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 keen | punct |
| 7 | proper | proper | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 keen | amod |
| 8 | gurt | gurt | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 keen | amod |
| 9 | keen | keen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 grandad | conj |
| 10 | on | on | ADP | _ | 11 puzzles | case |
| 11 | puzzles | puzzle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 keen | nmod |
| 12 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 16 means | punct |
| 13 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 gurt | punct |
| 14 | gurt | gurt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 means | nsubj |
| 15 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 gurt | punct |
| 16 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 keen | parataxis |
| 17 | very | very | ADV | _ | 16 means | advmod |
| 18 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 16 means | punct |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 grandad | punct |
| 20 | asks | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 21 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 20 asks | punct |
| 22 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 23 many | advmod |
| 23 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 have | nsubj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 knee | case |
| 25 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 26 knee | punct |
| 26 | knee | knee | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 many | nmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 wrist | punct |
| 28 | wrist | wrist | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 knee | conj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 lamb | punct |
| 30 | lamb | lamb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 knee | conj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 water | punct |
| 32 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 knee | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 bough | punct |
| 34 | bough | bough | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 knee | conj |
| 35 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 34 bough | punct |
| 36 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 asks | ccomp |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 letter | det |
| 38 | silent | silent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 letter | amod |
| 39 | letter | letter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 have | obj |
| 40 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 20 asks | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | gurt | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | ask speech: ask | present | a boomer grandad from Cornwall and proper gurt keen on puzzles | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | have | present | many of knee and wrist and lamb and water and bough | a silent letter | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
Four: knee, wrist, lamb, bough
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | root | root |
| 2 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 3 knee | punct |
| 3 | knee | knee | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Four | appos |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 wrist | punct |
| 5 | wrist | wrist | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 knee | conj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 lamb | punct |
| 7 | lamb | lamb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 knee | conj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 bough | punct |
| 9 | bough | bough | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 knee | conj |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 2
Three: knee, wrist, lamb
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | root | root |
| 2 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 3 knee | punct |
| 3 | knee | knee | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Three | appos |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 wrist | punct |
| 5 | wrist | wrist | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 knee | conj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 lamb | punct |
| 7 | lamb | lamb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 knee | conj |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 3
Five: all of them
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Five | five | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | root | root |
| 2 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 3 all | punct |
| 3 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 1 Five | advmod |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 them | case |
| 5 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 all | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 4
Two: knee and lamb
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | root | root |
| 2 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 3 knee | punct |
| 3 | knee | knee | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Two | appos |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 lamb | cc |
| 5 | lamb | lamb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 knee | conj |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/13-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough/t9/