Mova0.5 pre-release⌕

☰

home / corpora / questions / Language / Silent letters and the mystery of -ough / t10

Test 10 · Silent letters and the mystery of -ough

Your mate says doubt is spelt "doute" in very old books. Could that be true?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: mate, that · What happens: say, be · To what, where: old books, doubt spelt · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 10 of lesson 13 «Silent letters and the mystery of -ough» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Your mate says doubt is spelt "doute" in very old books.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 mate	nmod:poss
2	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	doubt	doubt	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 spelt	compound
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 spelt	cop
6	spelt	spelt	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	obj
7	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 doute	punct
8	doute	doute	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 spelt	appos
9	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 doute	punct
10	in	in	ADP	_	13 books	case
11	very	very	ADV	_	12 old	advmod
12	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 books	amod
13	books	book	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 says	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Your mate			old books			vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent in book=Manner
2	is a	present		doubt spelt					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Could that be true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 true	aux
2	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 true	nsubj
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 true	cop
4	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	could	that					true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

No, the b was always there and always spoken out loud

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	7 there	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 there	punct
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 b	det
4	b	B	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 there	nsubj
5	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 there	cop
6	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	7 there	advmod
7	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	root	root
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 spoken	cc
9	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	10 spoken	advmod
10	spoken	speak	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 there	conj
11	out	out	ADP	_	10 spoken	compound:prt
12	loud	loud	ADV	_	10 spoken	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the b					always, there property	tree rules
2	speak out speech: other	participle	the b not said here					always, loud property	vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

No, doubt is a new word

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	7 word	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	doubt	doubt	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 word	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 word	cop
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 word	det
6	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 word	amod
7	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	doubt	a new word					tree rules

Option 3

Yes, but only in America

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	6 America	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	but	but	CCONJ	_	6 America	cc
4	only	only	ADV	_	6 America	advmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 America	case
6	America	America	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Yes, the b was added later by scholars

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	6 added	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 b	det
4	b	B	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 added	nsubj:pass
5	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 added	aux:pass
6	added	add	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	6 added	advmod
8	by	by	ADP	_	9 scholars	case
9	scholars	scholar	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 added	obl:agent

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	add speech: assert	past · passive	scholars	the b				late property	vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/13-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough/t10/