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Test 2 · ★ · Where English came from

Ollie reckons "the Normans banned English, that's why we talk French words". What's true?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Ollie, Normans, that, we · What happens: reckon, ban, be, talk · To what, where: English, French words · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 2 · ★ of lesson 22 «Where English came from» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Ollie reckons "the Normans banned English, that's why we talk French words".

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ollie	Ollie	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 reckons	nsubj
2	reckons	reckon	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 banned	punct
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Normans	det
5	Normans	Norman	PROPN	Number=Plur	6 banned	nsubj
6	banned	ban	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 reckons	ccomp
7	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 banned	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 why	punct
9	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	11 why	nsubj
10	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 why	cop
11	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	2 reckons	parataxis
12	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	13 talk	nsubj
13	talk	talk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 why	advcl:relcl
14	French	French	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 words	amod
15	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 talk	obj
16	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 talk	punct
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 reckons	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reckon	present	Ollie						vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	ban in a quote	past	the Normans	English					vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer english=Theme
3	is in a quote	present	that					why property	tree rules
4	talk in a quote	present	we	French words					vn compel-59.1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent word=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

English was banned, but came back secretly in 1100

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 banned	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 banned	aux:pass
3	banned	ban	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 came	punct
5	but	but	CCONJ	_	6 came	cc
6	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 banned	advcl
7	back	back	ADV	_	8 secretly	advmod
8	secretly	secretly	ADV	_	6 came	advmod
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 1100	case
10	1100	1100	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 came	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ban	past · passive		English					vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	come back	past				1100		secretly property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 1100=Location

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

The Normans spoke English already

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Normans	det
2	Normans	Norman	PROPN	Number=Plur	3 spoke	nsubj
3	spoke	speak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 spoke	obj
5	already	already	ADV	_	3 spoke	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	speak speech: other	past	the Normans	English					tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

English survived and borrowed many French words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 survived	nsubj
2	survived	survive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 borrowed	cc
4	borrowed	borrow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 survived	conj
5	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 words	amod
6	French	French	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 words	amod
7	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 borrowed	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	survive	past	English						vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	borrow	past	English not said here	many French words					vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme

Option 4

He's right, English was banned for about 300 years by law

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 banned	punct
5	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 banned	nsubj:pass
6	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 banned	aux:pass
7	banned	ban	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 right	conj
8	for	for	ADP	_	11 years	case
9	about	about	ADV	_	10 300	advmod
10	300	300	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	11 years	nummod
11	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 banned	obl
12	by	by	ADP	_	13 law	case
13	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 banned	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	He					right property	tree rules
2	ban	past · passive	law	English			year		vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/22-where-english-came-from/t2/