Test 5 · ★ · Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin

Leo reckons a printer in the 1400s made up the egg story to be funny. What does the story really show?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Leo, story · What happens: reckon, make up, be, show · To what, where: printer, egg story, 1400s

This is test 5 · ★ of lesson 23 «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Leo reckons a printer in the 1400s made up the egg story to be funny.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Leo	Leo	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 reckons	nsubj
2	reckons	reckon	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 printer	det
4	printer	printer	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reckons	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 1400s	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 1400s	det
7	1400s	1400	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	8 made	obl
8	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 reckons	parataxis
9	up	up	ADP	_	8 made	compound:prt
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 story	det
11	egg	egg	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 story	compound
12	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 made	obj
13	to	to	PART	_	15 funny	mark
14	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	15 funny	cop
15	funny	funny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 story	acl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 reckons	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	reckon	present	Leo	a printer			vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent printer=Attribute
2	make up	past		the egg story	the 1400s		vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme story=Pivot
3	is	to-infinitive		the egg story not said here		funny property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What does the story really show?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	6 show	obj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 show	aux
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 story	det
4	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 show	nsubj
5	really	really	ADV	_	6 show	advmod
6	show	show	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 show	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present · do-support	the story						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Nobody in England ate eggs in the 1400s, so nobody knew the word

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	4 ate	nsubj
2	in	in	ADP	_	3 England	case
3	England	England	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Nobody	nmod
4	ate	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 ate	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 1400s	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 1400s	det
8	1400s	1400	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	4 ate	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 knew	punct
10	so	so	ADV	_	12 knew	advmod
11	nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	12 knew	nsubj
12	knew	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 ate	parataxis
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 word	det
14	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 knew	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat	past	Nobody	eggs		the 1400s			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Patient
2	know	past	nobody	the word					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer word=Stimulus

Option 2

English was exactly the same everywhere in England back then, town by town

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 same	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 same	cop
3	exactly	exactly	ADV	_	5 same	advmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 same	det
5	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	everywhere	everywhere	ADV	PronType=Tot	5 same	advmod
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 England	case
8	England	England	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 everywhere	obl
9	back	back	ADV	_	10 then	advmod
10	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	6 everywhere	advmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 town	punct
12	town	town	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 same	parataxis
13	by	by	ADP	_	14 town	case
14	town	town	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 town	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	English					everywhere, exactly, same property	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

People in different parts of England once used different words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	People	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 used	nsubj
2	in	in	ADP	_	4 parts	case
3	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 parts	amod
4	parts	part	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 People	nmod
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 England	case
6	England	England	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 parts	nmod
7	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	8 used	advmod
8	used	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 words	amod
10	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 used	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	past	People in different parts of England	different words				once property	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient

Option 4

Printers did not know English

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Printers	printer	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 know	nsubj
2	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 know	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 know	advmod
4	know	know	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 know	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not know	past · do-support	Printers	English					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer english=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/t5/