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Test 7 · ★ · Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin

Mo's big sis says "video is a new word, Latin's dead so it can't give us words." What's fair?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: big sis, video · What happens: say, be, not give · To what, where: new word, words, us · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 23 «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Mo's big sis says "video is a new word, Latin's dead so it can't give us words."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mo	Mo	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 sis	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Mo	case
3	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 sis	amod
4	sis	sis	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 says	nsubj
5	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 word	punct
7	video	video	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 word	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 word	cop
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 word	det
10	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 word	amod
11	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 says	ccomp
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 dead	punct
13	Latin	Latin	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 dead	nmod:poss
14	's	's	PART	_	13 Latin	case
15	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 word	appos
16	so	so	ADV	_	20 give	advmod
17	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 give	nsubj
18	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	20 give	aux
19	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	20 give	advmod
20	give	give	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 says	ccomp
21	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	20 give	iobj
22	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 give	obj
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	20 give	punct
24	"	"	PUNCT	_	20 give	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Mo's big sis						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	is a in a quote	present	video	a new word					tree rules
3	not give in a quote	can	video	words	us				vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient word=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's fair?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 fair	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 fair	cop
3	fair	fair	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 fair	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						fair property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Video comes from Japanese, like "emoji" and "karaoke"

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Video	video	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 comes	nsubj
2	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	4 Japanese	case
4	Japanese	Japanese	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 comes	obl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 emoji	punct
6	like	like	ADP	_	8 emoji	case
7	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 emoji	punct
8	emoji	emoji	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 Japanese	appos
9	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 emoji	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 karaoke	cc
11	"	"	PUNCT	_	12 karaoke	punct
12	karaoke	karaoke	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 emoji	conj
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 emoji	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	present	Video			Japanese			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from japanese=Initial_Location

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Latin still gives English words, even for new technology

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Latin	Latin	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 gives	nsubj
2	still	still	ADV	_	3 gives	advmod
3	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	English	English	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 words	amod
5	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 gives	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 technology	punct
7	even	even	ADV	_	10 technology	advmod
8	for	for	ADP	_	10 technology	case
9	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 technology	amod
10	technology	technology	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 gives	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present	Latin	English words			still	for new technology	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent word=Theme for technology=Asset

Option 3

Video was invented by a TV company

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Video	video	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 invented	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 invented	aux:pass
3	invented	invent	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	7 company	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 company	det
6	TV	TV	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 company	compound
7	company	company	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 invented	obl:agent

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	invent	past · passive	a TV company	Video					vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Result

Option 4

She's right, dead languages can never give any language new words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 give	punct
5	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 languages	amod
6	languages	language	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 give	nsubj
7	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 give	aux
8	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	9 give	advmod
9	give	give	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 right	conj
10	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	11 language	det
11	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 give	obj
12	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 words	amod
13	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 give	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	She					right property	tree rules
2	not give	can	dead languages	any language					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent language=Recipient word=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/t7/