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Test 10 · Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukra…

Your uncle says "kowtow is about cows bowing". What's true?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: uncle, kowtow · What happens: say, bow, be · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 10 of lesson 24 «Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukrainian and more» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Your uncle says "kowtow is about cows bowing".

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 uncle	nmod:poss
2	uncle	uncle	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 bowing	punct
5	kowtow	kowtow	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 bowing	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 bowing	aux
7	about	about	SCONJ	_	9 bowing	mark
8	cows	cow	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 bowing	nsubj
9	bowing	bow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 says	ccomp
10	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 bowing	punct
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Your uncle						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	bow in a quote	present · progressive	kowtow						vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It comes from Chinese for "knock head", a deep bow

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 comes	nsubj
2	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	4 Chinese	case
4	Chinese	Chinese	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 comes	obl
5	for	for	ADP	_	8 head	case
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 head	punct
7	knock	knock	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 head	compound
8	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 comes	obl
9	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 head	punct
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 bow	punct
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 bow	det
12	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 bow	amod
13	bow	bow	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 head	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	present	It			Chinese		for knock head and a deep bow	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from chinese=Initial_Location

Option 2

It's from Arabic for "milk"

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 Arabic	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 Arabic	cop
3	from	from	ADP	_	4 Arabic	case
4	Arabic	Arabic	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	for	for	ADP	_	7 milk	case
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 milk	punct
7	milk	milk	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 Arabic	nmod
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 Arabic	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It			Arabic		for milk	tree rules

Option 3

He's right, it's about cows

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 cows	punct
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 cows	nsubj
6	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 cows	cop
7	about	about	ADP	_	8 cows	case
8	cows	cow	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 right	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	He					right property	tree rules
2	is	present	it					about cows	tree rules

Option 4

It's a Scottish word for a cowshed on a windy hill farm

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 word	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 word	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 word	det
4	Scottish	Scottish	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 word	amod
5	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	for	for	ADP	_	8 cowshed	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 cowshed	det
8	cowshed	cowshed	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 word	nmod
9	on	on	ADP	_	13 farm	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 farm	det
11	windy	windy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 farm	amod
12	hill	hill	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 farm	compound
13	farm	farm	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 word	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a Scottish word		a windy hill farm		for a cowshed	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/24-borrowed-words-from-far-away/t10/