Test 6 · Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukra…

Mykola's mate says "borscht? that's just a Russian word, mate." What's a fair answer?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: mate, that · What happens: say, be · To what, where: borscht, Russian word, fair answer · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 6 of lesson 24 «Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukrainian and more» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Mykola's mate says "borscht? that's just a Russian word, mate."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mykola	Mykola	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 mate	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Mykola	case
3	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 says	nsubj
4	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 borscht	punct
6	borscht	borscht	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 says	obj
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	13 word	punct
8	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	13 word	nsubj
9	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 word	cop
10	just	just	ADV	_	13 word	advmod
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 word	det
12	Russian	Russian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 word	amod
13	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 says	parataxis
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 mate	punct
15	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 word	vocative
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	13 word	punct
17	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 word	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: ask	present	Mykola's mate	borscht					tree rules
2	is a in a quote	present	that	a Russian word				mate vocative	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's a fair answer?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	5 answer	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 answer	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 answer	det
4	fair	fair	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 answer	amod
5	answer	answer	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 answer	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present		a fair answer					tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Borscht is a Ukrainian dish, and its name reached English through Yiddish

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Borscht	borscht	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 dish	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 dish	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 dish	det
4	Ukrainian	ukrainian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 dish	amod
5	dish	dish	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 reached	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 reached	cc
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 name	nmod:poss
9	name	name	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 reached	nsubj
10	reached	reach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 dish	conj
11	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 reached	obj
12	through	through	ADP	_	13 Yiddish	case
13	Yiddish	Yiddish	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 reached	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	is a	present	Borscht	a Ukrainian dish		tree rules
2	reach	past	Borscht's name	English	Yiddish	vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent english=Theme
3	name		Borscht			nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Option 2

It's a Japanese word

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 word	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 word	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 word	det
4	Japanese	Japanese	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 word	amod
5	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a Japanese word					tree rules

Option 3

He's right, it's only Russian, and the soup has nothing to do with Ukraine at all

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 Russian	punct
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 Russian	nsubj
6	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 Russian	cop
7	only	only	ADV	_	8 Russian	advmod
8	Russian	Russian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 right	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 has	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 has	cc
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 soup	det
12	soup	soup	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 has	nsubj
13	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	conj
14	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	13 has	obj
15	to	to	PART	_	16 do	mark
16	do	do	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 nothing	acl
17	with	with	ADP	_	18 Ukraine	case
18	Ukraine	Ukraine	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 do	obl
19	at	at	ADP	_	20 all	case
20	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	16 do	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is	present	He			right property	tree rules
2	is	present	it			russian property	tree rules
3	have	present	the soup	nothing			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Patient
4	do	to-infinitive	the soup not said here	nothing not said here	all	with Ukraine	vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

It's a French word

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 word	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 word	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 word	det
4	French	French	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 word	amod
5	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a French word					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/24-borrowed-words-from-far-away/t6/