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Test 7 · Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukra…

Your dad says "these word stories are all certain facts." What should you say about ketchup?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: dad, word stories, you · What happens: say, be · To what, where: certain facts · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 7 of lesson 24 «Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukrainian and more» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Your dad says "these word stories are all certain facts."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 dad	nmod:poss
2	dad	dad	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 facts	punct
5	these	this	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	7 stories	det
6	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 stories	compound
7	stories	story	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 facts	nsubj
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 facts	cop
9	all	all	ADV	_	10 certain	advmod
10	certain	certain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 facts	amod
11	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 says	parataxis
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 facts	punct
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 facts	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Your dad						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	is a in a quote	present	this word stories	certain facts					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What should you say about ketchup?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 say	obj
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 say	aux
3	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 say	nsubj
4	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	about	about	ADP	_	6 ketchup	case
6	ketchup	ketchup	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 say	obl
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 say	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	should	you					about ketchup	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic

The options

Option 1

Nobody has any idea at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	4 idea	det
4	idea	idea	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 has	obj
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 all	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 idea	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	Nobody	any idea		all			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Patient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

It definitely came from Latin

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 came	nsubj
2	definitely	definitely	ADV	_	3 came	advmod
3	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	5 Latin	case
5	Latin	Latin	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 came	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	past	It			Latin		definitely property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from latin=Initial_Location

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Its Chinese origin is likely, but experts still argue about it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 origin	nmod:poss
2	Chinese	Chinese	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 origin	amod
3	origin	origin	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 likely	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 likely	cop
5	likely	likely	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 argue	punct
7	but	but	CCONJ	_	10 argue	cc
8	experts	expert	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 argue	nsubj
9	still	still	ADV	_	10 argue	advmod
10	argue	argue	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 likely	parataxis
11	about	about	ADP	_	12 it	case
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 argue	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Its Chinese origin					likely property	tree rules
2	argue speech: disagree	present	experts				still	about origin	vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V PP.theme S»: agent=Agent about it=Topic

Option 4

Dad's right, it's 100 percent proven by old Chinese recipe books

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 percent	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Dad	case
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 percent	amod
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 percent	punct
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 percent	nsubj
6	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 percent	cop
7	100	100	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 percent	nummod
8	percent	percent	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	proven	prove	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 percent	acl
10	by	by	ADP	_	14 books	case
11	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 books	amod
12	Chinese	Chinese	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 books	amod
13	recipe	recipe	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 books	compound
14	books	book	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 proven	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	it	Dad's right 100 percent					tree rules
2	prove	participle		Dad's right 100 percent not said here				by old Chinese recipe books	vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/24-borrowed-words-from-far-away/t7/