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Test 8 · Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukra…

A game shows a pirate in 1600 squirting tomato ketchup. What's off?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: game, pirate · What happens: show, squirt · To what, where: pirate, tomato ketchup

This is test 8 of lesson 24 «Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukrainian and more» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A game shows a pirate in 1600 squirting tomato ketchup.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 game	det
2	game	game	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shows	nsubj
3	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 pirate	det
5	pirate	pirate	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shows	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 1600	case
7	1600	1600	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 pirate	nmod
8	squirting	squirt	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 pirate	acl
9	tomato	tomato	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 ketchup	compound
10	ketchup	ketchup	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 squirting	obj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 shows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	a game	a pirate				in 1600	vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent pirate=Patient in 1600=Topic
2	squirt	gerund	a pirate not said here	tomato ketchup					vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent ketchup=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's off?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 off	cop
3	off	off	ADP	_	1 What	compound:prt
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Ketchup became a tomato sauce in America in the 1800s

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ketchup	ketchup	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 became	nsubj
2	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 sauce	det
4	tomato	tomato	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sauce	compound
5	sauce	sauce	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 became	xcomp
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 America	case
7	America	America	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 sauce	nmod
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 1800s	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 1800s	det
10	1800s	1800	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	2 became	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	past	Ketchup	a tomato sauce in America				in the 1800s result	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in 1800=Result

Option 2

Pirates hated sauce

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pirates	pirate	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
2	hated	hate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 sauce	amod
3	sauce	sauce	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Pirates	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hate	participle							vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Experiencer

Option 3

Ketchup was invented in 2000

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ketchup	ketchup	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 invented	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 invented	aux:pass
3	invented	invent	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 2000	case
5	2000	2000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 invented	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	invent	past · passive		Ketchup		2000			vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result

Option 4

Nothing, ketchup was always tomato, even in the 1600s

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	3 ketchup	compound
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Nothing	punct
3	ketchup	ketchup	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 tomato	nsubj
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 tomato	cop
5	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	6 tomato	advmod
6	tomato	tomato	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 1600s	punct
8	even	even	ADV	_	11 1600s	advmod
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 1600s	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 1600s	det
11	1600s	1600	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	6 tomato	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	Nothing ketchup	tomato and the 1600s				always property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/24-borrowed-words-from-far-away/t8/