Exam question 4 · How babies learn to talk

Ascertain the term designating the mixing of two languages within a single utterance by a bilingual child.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, term · What happens: ascertain, designate, mix · To what, where: term, mixing, two languages

This is exam question 4 of lesson 31 «How babies learn to talk» of the language course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 term	det
3	term	term	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	designating	designate	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 term	acl
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 mixing	det
6	mixing	mixing	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 designating	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 languages	case
8	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 languages	nummod
9	languages	language	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 mixing	nmod
10	within	within	ADP	_	13 utterance	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 utterance	det
12	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 utterance	amod
13	utterance	utterance	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 designating	obl
14	by	by	ADP	_	17 child	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 child	det
16	bilingual	bilingual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 child	amod
17	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 designating	obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the term		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent term=Topic
2	designate	gerund	the term not said here	the mixing of two languages	within a single utterance; by a bilingual child	vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mixing=Theme
3	mix			two languages		nom mixing «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Overregularisation

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Overregularisation	Overregularisation	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

Bilingual babbling

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bilingual	bilingual	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 babbling	compound
2	babbling	babbling	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Code-switching

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Code	code	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 switching	compound
2	-	-	PUNCT	_	1 Code	punct
3	switching	switching	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4

Telegraphic speech

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Telegraphic	telegraphic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 speech	amod
2	speech	speech	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/31-how-babies-learn-to-talk/e4/