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Test 10 · ★ · How babies learn to talk

A toddler says "Me want more juice!" and her big sis says she "talks like a robot, she's thick." What's true?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: toddler, big sis, sis · What happens: say, want, talk, be · To what, where: more juice · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 10 · ★ of lesson 31 «How babies learn to talk» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A toddler says "Me want more juice!" and her big sis says she "talks like a robot, she's thick."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 toddler	det
2	toddler	toddler	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 want	punct
5	Me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 want	nsubj
6	want	want	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 says	ccomp
7	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	8 juice	amod
8	juice	juice	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 want	obj
9	!	!	PUNCT	_	6 want	punct
10	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 want	punct
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 says	cc
12	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 sis	nmod:poss
13	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 sis	amod
14	sis	sis	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 says	nsubj
15	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 says	conj
16	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 talks	nsubj
17	"	"	PUNCT	_	18 talks	punct
18	talks	talk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 says	ccomp
19	like	like	ADP	_	21 robot	case
20	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 robot	det
21	robot	robot	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 talks	obl
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 thick	punct
23	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 thick	nsubj
24	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 thick	cop
25	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 says	ccomp
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	25 thick	punct
27	"	"	PUNCT	_	25 thick	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: express	present	a toddler						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	want in a quote	present	a toddler = toddler	more juice					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot juice=Theme
3	say speech: assert	present	toddler's big sis						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
4	talk in a quote	present	sis					like a robot	vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	is in a quote	present	sis					thick property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

She is behind other children and needs special help

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 children	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 children	cop
3	behind	behind	ADP	_	5 children	case
4	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 children	amod
5	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 needs	cc
7	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 children	conj
8	special	special	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 help	amod
9	help	help	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 needs	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	She					behind other children	tree rules
2	need	present	She not said here	special help					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot help=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Short key-word sentences are a normal stage around age 2

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 sentences	amod
2	key	key	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 word	compound
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 key	punct
4	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sentences	compound
5	sentences	sentence	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 stage	nsubj
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 stage	cop
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 stage	det
8	normal	normal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 stage	amod
9	stage	stage	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	around	around	ADP	_	11 age	case
11	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 stage	nmod
12	2	2	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	11 age	flat

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Short word sentences	a normal stage			around age		tree rules

Option 3

She is copying robots she has seen on TV cartoons

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 copying	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 copying	aux
3	copying	copy	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	robots	robot	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 copying	obj
5	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 seen	nsubj
6	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 seen	aux
7	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	4 robots	acl:relcl
8	on	on	ADP	_	10 cartoons	case
9	TV	TV	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 cartoons	compound
10	cartoons	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 seen	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	copy	present · progressive	She	robots					vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent robot=Theme
2	see	present · perfect	she	robots not said here		TV cartoons			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer robot=Stimulus

Option 4

She will always speak like that

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 speak	nsubj
2	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 speak	aux
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	4 speak	advmod
4	speak	speak	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	like	like	ADP	_	6 that	case
6	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 speak	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	speak speech: other	future	She					like that; always property	vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/31-how-babies-learn-to-talk/t10/