Test 4 · ★ · How babies learn to talk A Gen Z auntie says "baby talk is cringe and bad for babies, fr." ("Fr" means for real, "cringe" means embarrassing.) What does research say?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: Z auntie, Fr, cringe, research · What happens: say, be, mean · To what, where: talk cringe · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 31 «How babies learn to talk» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: A Gen Z auntie says "baby talk is cringe and bad for babies, fr."
det compound compound nsubj punct compound compound cop ccomp cc conj case obl punct conj punct punct root A DET Gen NOUN Z NOUN auntie NOUN says VERB " PUNCT baby NOUN talk NOUN is AUX cringe NOUN and CCONJ bad ADJ for ADP babies NOUN , PUNCT fr NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 auntie det 2 Gen gen NOUN Number=Sing 3 Z compound 3 Z z NOUN Number=Sing 4 auntie compound 4 auntie auntie NOUN Number=Sing 5 says nsubj 5 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 " " PUNCT _ 10 cringe punct 7 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 8 talk compound 8 talk talk NOUN Number=Sing 10 cringe compound 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 cringe cop 10 cringe cringe NOUN Number=Sing 5 says ccomp 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 bad cc 12 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 10 cringe conj 13 for for ADP _ 14 babies case 14 babies baby NOUN Number=Plur 12 bad obl 15 , , PUNCT _ 16 fr punct 16 fr fr NOUN Number=Sing 14 babies conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 10 cringe punct 18 " " PUNCT _ 10 cringe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present a Z auntie vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is a in a quote present talk cringe tree rules 3 be in a quote for babies and fr tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: ("Fr" means for real, "cringe" means embarrassing.)
punct punct nsubj punct case obl punct punct nsubj punct conj xcomp punct punct root ( PUNCT " PUNCT Fr NOUN " PUNCT means VERB for ADP real ADJ , PUNCT " PUNCT cringe NOUN " PUNCT means VERB embarrassing ADJ . PUNCT ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 5 means punct 2 " " PUNCT _ 3 Fr punct 3 Fr fr NOUN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 4 " " PUNCT _ 3 Fr punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 for for ADP _ 7 real case 7 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 5 means obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 12 means punct 9 " " PUNCT _ 10 cringe punct 10 cringe cringe NOUN Number=Sing 12 means nsubj 11 " " PUNCT _ 10 cringe punct 12 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 means conj 13 embarrassing embarrassing ADJ Degree=Pos 12 means xcomp 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct 15 ) ) PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Fr for real vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot for real=Attribute 2 mean present cringe embarrassing property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Sentence 3: What does research say?
obj aux nsubj punct root What PRON does AUX research NOUN say VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 4 say obj 2 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 say aux 3 research research NOUN Number=Sing 4 say nsubj 4 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 say punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present · do-support research vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic
The options Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer Babies pay more attention to sing-song talk, and it can help
nsubj amod obj mark advcl punct compound obj punct cc nsubj aux conj root Babies NOUN pay VERB more ADJ attention NOUN to PART sing VERB - PUNCT song NOUN talk NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ it PRON can AUX help VERB The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Babies baby NOUN Number=Plur 2 pay nsubj 2 pay pay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 attention amod 4 attention attention NOUN Number=Sing 2 pay obj 5 to to PART _ 6 sing mark 6 sing sing VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 pay advcl 7 - - PUNCT _ 8 song punct 8 song song NOUN Number=Sing 9 talk compound 9 talk talk NOUN Number=Sing 6 sing obj 10 , , PUNCT _ 14 help punct 11 and and CCONJ _ 14 help cc 12 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 help nsubj 13 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 14 help aux 14 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 pay conj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pay present Babies more attention vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent attention=Asset 2 sing speech: express to-infinitive Babies not said here song talk vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location talk=Theme 3 help can talk vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
Option 2 It has no effect at all
nsubj det obj case nmod root It PRON has VERB no DET effect NOUN at ADP all DET The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 no no DET PronType=Neg 4 effect det 4 effect effect NOUN Number=Sing 2 has obj 5 at at ADP _ 6 all case 6 all all DET PronType=Tot 4 effect nmod
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present It no effect all vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Patient
Option 3 She's right, it harms babies and slows down their talking
nsubj cop punct nsubj parataxis obj cc conj compound:prt nmod:poss obj root She PRON 's AUX right ADJ , PUNCT it PRON harms VERB babies NOUN and CCONJ slows VERB down ADP their PRON talking NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 right nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 right cop 3 right right ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 harms punct 5 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 harms nsubj 6 harms harm VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 right parataxis 7 babies baby NOUN Number=Plur 6 harms obj 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 slows cc 9 slows slow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 harms conj 10 down down ADP _ 9 slows compound:prt 11 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 talking nmod:poss 12 talking talking NOUN Number=Sing 9 slows obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present She right property tree rules 2 harm present it babies vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus baby=Experiencer 3 slow down present babies's talking vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent talking=Patient 4 talk babies = baby nom talking «communication intransitive»: poss=agent
Option 4 It makes babies stop talking
nsubj obj xcomp xcomp root It PRON makes VERB babies NOUN stop VERB talking VERB The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 makes nsubj 2 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 babies baby NOUN Number=Plur 2 makes obj 4 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 makes xcomp 5 talking talk VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 stop xcomp
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present It babies tree rules 2 stop infinitive babies not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 3 talk gerund babies not said here vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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