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Test 10 · ★★★ · Grammar puzzles, part two

Your mate says "racecar backwards is racecra, so it's not a palindrome." What did he do wrong?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: mate, he · What happens: say, be, not be, do · To what, where: racecar racecra, palindrome · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 10 · ★★★ of lesson 36 «Grammar puzzles, part two» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Your mate says "racecar backwards is racecra, so it's not a palindrome."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 mate	nmod:poss
2	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 racecar	punct
5	racecar	racecar	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 racecra	compound
6	backwards	backwards	ADV	_	5 racecar	advmod
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 racecra	cop
8	racecra	racecra	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	ccomp
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 palindrome	punct
10	so	so	ADV	_	15 palindrome	advmod
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 palindrome	nsubj
12	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 palindrome	cop
13	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	15 palindrome	advmod
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 palindrome	det
15	palindrome	palindrome	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	ccomp
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	15 palindrome	punct
17	"	"	PUNCT	_	15 palindrome	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Your mate						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is a in a quote	present		racecar racecra					tree rules
3	not is a in a quote	present	mate	a palindrome					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What did he do wrong?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 do	obj
2	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 do	aux
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 do	nsubj
4	do	do	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 do	advmod
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 do	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	past · do-support	he						vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality

The options

Option 1

Palindromes only work with three letters

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Palindromes	palindrome	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 work	nsubj
2	only	only	ADV	_	3 work	advmod
3	work	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	with	with	ADP	_	6 letters	case
5	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 letters	nummod
6	letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 work	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	work	present	Palindromes					with three letters	vn cooperate-73.1-3 «NP V PP.co-agent PP.theme»: agent=Agent with letter=Co-Agent

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

He made a mistake reversing it; it reads "racecar"

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 made	nsubj
2	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 mistake	det
4	mistake	mistake	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 made	obj
5	reversing	reverse	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 made	advcl
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 reversing	obj
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 reads	punct
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 reads	nsubj
9	reads	read	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 made	parataxis
10	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 racecar	punct
11	racecar	racecar	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 reads	obj
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 racecar	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	past	He	a mistake					vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mistake=Product
2	reverse	gerund	He not said here	mistake					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient
3	read	present	mistake	racecar					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent racecar=Topic

Option 3

He's right, it isn't a palindrome

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 palindrome	punct
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 palindrome	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 palindrome	cop
7	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 palindrome	advmod
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 palindrome	det
9	palindrome	palindrome	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 right	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	He					right property	tree rules
2	not is a	present	it	a palindrome					tree rules

Option 4

Racecar isn't a real word, so it can't count

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Racecar	racecar	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 word	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 word	cop
3	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 word	advmod
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 word	det
5	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 word	amod
6	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 count	punct
8	so	so	ADV	_	12 count	advmod
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 count	nsubj
10	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 count	aux
11	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 count	advmod
12	count	count	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 word	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is a	present	Racecar	a real word					tree rules
2	not count	can	Racecar						vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/36-grammar-puzzles-part-two/t10/