Test 9 · ★★★ · Grammar puzzles, part two Mum says "Take the last biscuit, there's one left." Dad says "Your brother left an hour ago." What's going on with "left"?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: Mum, one left, Dad, brother · What happens: say, take, be, leave, go on · To what, where: last biscuit · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 9 · ★★★ of lesson 36 «Grammar puzzles, part two» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Mum says "Take the last biscuit, there's one left."
nsubj punct ccomp det amod obj punct expl parataxis nummod nsubj punct punct root Mum NOUN says VERB " PUNCT Take VERB the DET last ADJ biscuit NOUN , PUNCT there PRON 's VERB one NUM left NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 2 says nsubj 2 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 " " PUNCT _ 4 Take punct 4 Take take VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 says ccomp 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 biscuit det 6 last last ADJ Degree=Pos 7 biscuit amod 7 biscuit biscuit NOUN Number=Sing 4 Take obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 's punct 9 there there PRON PronType=Dem 10 's expl 10 's be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 Take parataxis 11 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 12 left nummod 12 left left NOUN Number=Sing 10 's nsubj 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 Take punct 14 " " PUNCT _ 4 Take punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present Mum vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 take in a quote infinitive the last biscuit vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent biscuit=Theme 3 be in a quote present one left there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Dad says "Your brother left an hour ago."
nsubj punct nmod:poss nsubj ccomp det obl:unmarked advmod punct punct root Dad NOUN says VERB " PUNCT Your PRON brother NOUN left VERB an DET hour NOUN ago ADV . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 says nsubj 2 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 " " PUNCT _ 6 left punct 4 Your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 brother nmod:poss 5 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 6 left nsubj 6 left leave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 says ccomp 7 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 hour det 8 hour hour NOUN Number=Sing 9 ago obl:unmarked 9 ago ago ADV _ 6 left advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 left punct 11 " " PUNCT _ 6 left punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present Dad vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 leave in a quote past Your brother ago property vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Sentence 3: What's going on with "left"?
nsubj aux compound:prt mark punct xcomp punct punct root What PRON 's AUX going VERB on ADP with SCONJ " PUNCT left ADJ " PUNCT ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 3 going nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 going aux 3 going go VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 on on ADP _ 3 going compound:prt 5 with with SCONJ _ 7 left mark 6 " " PUNCT _ 7 left punct 7 left left ADJ Degree=Pos 3 going xcomp 8 " " PUNCT _ 7 left punct 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 going punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go on present · progressive left property vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
The options Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer It means "still here" in one and "gone" in the other
The tree, 11 words nsubj punct advmod ccomp punct case obl cc punct conj punct case det obl root It PRON means VERB " PUNCT still ADV here ADV " PUNCT in ADP one NUM and CCONJ " PUNCT gone ADJ " PUNCT in ADP the DET other ADJ The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 " " PUNCT _ 5 here punct 4 still still ADV _ 5 here advmod 5 here here ADV PronType=Dem 2 means ccomp 6 " " PUNCT _ 5 here punct 7 in in ADP _ 8 one case 8 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 2 means obl 9 and and CCONJ _ 11 gone cc 10 " " PUNCT _ 11 gone punct 11 gone gone ADJ Degree=Pos 8 one conj 12 " " PUNCT _ 11 gone punct 13 in in ADP _ 15 other case 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 other det 15 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 11 gone obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present It in one vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in one=Attribute
Option 2 It means exactly the same in both
nsubj advmod det obj case obl root It PRON means VERB exactly ADV the DET same ADJ in ADP both DET The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 exactly exactly ADV _ 5 same advmod 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 same det 5 same same ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means obj 6 in in ADP _ 7 both case 7 both both DET PronType=Tot 5 same obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present It the same vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent same=Topic
Option 3 It is a spelling mistake in one of them
nsubj cop det compound case nmod case nmod root It PRON is AUX a DET spelling NOUN mistake NOUN in ADP one NUM of ADP them PRON The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 mistake nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 mistake cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 mistake det 4 spelling spelling NOUN Number=Sing 5 mistake compound 5 mistake mistake NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 in in ADP _ 7 one case 7 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 mistake nmod 8 of of ADP _ 9 them case 9 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 mistake nmod
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present It a spelling mistake in one; of them = they tree rules
Option 4 It means the opposite of right in both
nsubj det obj case nmod case obl root It PRON means VERB the DET opposite NOUN of ADP right ADJ in ADP both DET The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 opposite det 4 opposite opposite NOUN Number=Sing 2 means obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 right case 6 right right ADJ Degree=Pos 4 opposite nmod 7 in in ADP _ 8 both case 8 both both DET PronType=Tot 6 right obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present It the opposite of right vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent opposite=Topic
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
← previous Grammar puzzles, part two, test 8next → Grammar puzzles, part two, test 10↑ back to Grammar puzzles, part two This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/36-grammar-puzzles-part-two/t9/