Exam question 1 · Adjectives and adverbs: describing things and actions

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the function of an adverb?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: function

This is exam question 1 of lesson 4 «Adjectives and adverbs: describing things and actions» of the language course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 function	det
10	function	function	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 adverb	case
12	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 adverb	det
13	adverb	adverb	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 function	nmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the function of a adverb				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It replaces a noun to avoid repetition

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 replaces	nsubj
2	replaces	replace	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 noun	det
4	noun	noun	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 replaces	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 avoid	mark
6	avoid	avoid	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 replaces	advcl
7	repetition	repetition	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 avoid	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	replace	present	It	a noun					vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme noun=Co-Theme
2	avoid	to-infinitive		repetition					vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent repetition=Location

Option 2

It designates a person, place or object

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 designates	nsubj
2	designates	designate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 person	det
4	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 designates	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 place	punct
6	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 person	conj
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 object	cc
8	object	object	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 person	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	designate	present	It	a person and place or object					vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent person=Theme

Option 3

It joins two clauses of equal rank

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 joins	nsubj
2	joins	join	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 clauses	nummod
4	clauses	clause	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 joins	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 rank	case
6	equal	equal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 rank	amod
7	rank	rank	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 clauses	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	join	present	It	two clauses of equal rank					vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clause=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It qualifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb, indicating manner, time, place or frequency

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 qualifies	nsubj
2	qualifies	qualify	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 verb	det
4	verb	verb	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 qualifies	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 adjective	punct
6	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 adjective	det
7	adjective	adjective	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 verb	conj
8	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 adverb	cc
9	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	10 adverb	det
10	adverb	adverb	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 verb	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 indicating	punct
12	indicating	indicate	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 qualifies	advcl
13	manner	manner	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 indicating	obj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 time	punct
15	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 manner	conj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 place	punct
17	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 manner	conj
18	or	or	CCONJ	_	19 frequency	cc
19	frequency	frequency	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 manner	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	qualify	present	It	a verb and a adjective or another adverb					tree rules
2	indicate	gerund		manner and time and place or frequency					vn indicate-78-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot manner=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/4-adjectives-and-adverbs/e1/