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Test 11 · Adjectives and adverbs: describing things and actions

Your mate says "Dickens never used literally just to exaggerate, kids started that." What's true?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: mate, Dickens, kids · What happens: say, not use, exaggerate, start, be · To what, where: that · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 11 of lesson 4 «Adjectives and adverbs: describing things and actions» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Your mate says "Dickens never used literally just to exaggerate, kids started that."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 mate	nmod:poss
2	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 Dickens	punct
5	Dickens	Dickens	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 used	nsubj
6	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	7 used	advmod
7	used	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 says	ccomp
8	literally	literally	ADV	_	7 used	advmod
9	just	just	ADV	_	11 exaggerate	advmod
10	to	to	PART	_	11 exaggerate	mark
11	exaggerate	exaggerate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 used	advcl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 started	punct
13	kids	kid	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 started	nsubj
14	started	start	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 used	conj
15	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	14 started	obj
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct
17	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Your mate						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	not use in a quote	past	Dickens					literally property	vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	exaggerate in a quote	to-infinitive	Dickens not said here						tree rules
4	start in a quote	past	kids	that					vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Writers like Dickens used it that way long ago

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Writers	writer	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 used	nsubj
2	like	like	ADP	_	3 Dickens	case
3	Dickens	Dickens	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Writers	nmod
4	used	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 used	obj
6	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	7 way	det
7	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 used	obl:unmarked
8	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	9 ago	advmod
9	ago	ago	ADV	_	4 used	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	past	Writers like Dickens	it				that way obl:unmarked; ago property	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient

Option 2

He's right, it began last year

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 began	punct
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 began	nsubj
6	began	begin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 right	conj
7	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 year	amod
8	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 began	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	He					right property	tree rules
2	begin	past	it				year		vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Option 3

Nobody has ever used it to exaggerate

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	4 used	nsubj:pass
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 used	aux
3	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	4 used	advmod
4	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 used	obj
6	to	to	PART	_	7 exaggerate	mark
7	exaggerate	exaggerate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 used	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present · perfect · passive		Nobody			ever		tree rules
2	exaggerate	to-infinitive							tree rules

Option 4

It began on TikTok

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 began	nsubj
2	began	begin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	on	on	ADP	_	4 TikTok	case
4	TikTok	TikTok	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 began	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	begin	past	It			TikTok			vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/4-adjectives-and-adverbs/t11/