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Test 7 · ★★★ · Kipling's word games: «Best Beloved», the 'Stute Fish, «Hu…

★★ Your friend says «a leopard can't change its spots» about a boy who keeps cheating. What does she mean?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: ★, leopard, boy · What happens: say, not change, keep, cheat, mean · To what, where: spots · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 7 · ★★★ of lesson 42 «Kipling's word games: «Best Beloved», the 'Stute Fish, «Humph!» and the great grey-green, greasy Limpopo» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: ★★ Your friend says «a leopard can't change its spots» about a boy who keeps cheating.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	★	★	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 says	nsubj
2	★	★	ADP	_	4 friend	case
3	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 friend	nmod:poss
4	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 ★	nmod
5	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	«	«	PUNCT	_	11 change	punct
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 leopard	det
8	leopard	leopard	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 change	nsubj
9	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 change	aux
10	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 change	advmod
11	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 says	ccomp
12	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 spots	nmod:poss
13	spots	spot	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 change	obj
14	»	»	PUNCT	_	11 change	punct
15	about	about	ADP	_	17 boy	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 boy	det
17	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 change	obl
18	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	19 keeps	nsubj
19	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 boy	acl:relcl
20	cheating	cheat	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	19 keeps	xcomp
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	★ ★ Your friend						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	not change in a quote	can	a leopard	leopard's spots				about a boy	vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spot=Patient
3	keep	present	a boy						tree rules
4	cheat	gerund	a boy not said here						vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What does she mean?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 mean	obj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 mean	aux
3	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 mean	nsubj
4	mean	mean	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 mean	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present · do-support	★						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic

The options

Option 1

The boy has spots and needs a doctor

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 boy	det
2	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	nsubj
3	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	spots	spot	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 has	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 needs	cc
6	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 has	conj
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 doctor	det
8	doctor	doctor	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 needs	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	the boy	spots					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spot=Patient
2	need	present	the boy not said here	a doctor					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot doctor=Theme

Option 2

The boy likes leopards

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 boy	det
2	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 likes	nsubj
3	likes	like	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	leopards	leopard	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 likes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	like	present	the boy	leopards					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot leopard=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Leopards really can change their spots if they try

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Leopards	leopard	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 change	nsubj
2	really	really	ADV	_	4 change	advmod
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 change	aux
4	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 spots	nmod:poss
6	spots	spot	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 change	obj
7	if	if	SCONJ	_	9 try	mark
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 try	nsubj
9	try	try	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 change	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	can	Leopards	Leopards's spots					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spot=Patient
2	try a condition, not said to happen	present	Leopards = leopard						vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

People don't easily change what they are really like

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	People	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 change	nsubj
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 change	aux
3	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 change	advmod
4	easily	easily	ADV	_	5 change	advmod
5	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	5 change	obj
7	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 what	nsubj
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 what	cop
9	really	really	ADV	_	5 change	advmod
10	like	like	INTJ	_	5 change	discourse

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not change	present · do-support	People					easily property	vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is a	present	People						tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/42-kipling-s-word-games-best-beloved-stute-fish-humph-and-the-great-grey-green-greasy-limpopo/t7/