Exam question 2 · Which number counts? Hyperbole and real numbers in maths

Identify the principal reason for which the figure «one hundred and ten per cent», as employed by a sports coach, cannot denote a quantity.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, figure · What happens: identify, employ, not denote · To what, where: principal reason, quantity

This is exam question 2 of lesson 46 «Which number counts? Hyperbole and real numbers in maths» of the language course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	27 denote	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 figure	det
8	figure	figure	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 denote	nsubj
9	«	«	PUNCT	_	11 hundred	punct
10	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 hundred	compound
11	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 figure	nmod
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 cent	cc
13	ten	ten	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	15 cent	nummod
14	per	per	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 cent	compound
15	cent	cent	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 hundred	conj
16	»	»	PUNCT	_	11 hundred	punct
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 employed	punct
18	as	as	SCONJ	_	19 employed	mark
19	employed	employ	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 hundred	parataxis
20	by	by	ADP	_	23 coach	case
21	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	23 coach	det
22	sports	sport	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 coach	compound
23	coach	coach	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 employed	obl
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 figure	punct
25	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	27 denote	aux
26	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	27 denote	advmod
27	denote	denote	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 reason	acl:relcl
28	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	29 quantity	det
29	quantity	quantity	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 denote	obj
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	employ	participle			by a sports coach	vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	not denote	can	the figure one hundred and ten per cent	a quantity	for the principal reason	vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot quantity=Theme for which=Attribute

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

One hundred per cent constitutes the whole, and no part may exceed the whole

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 hundred	compound
2	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 cent	nummod
3	per	per	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cent	compound
4	cent	cent	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 constitutes	nsubj
5	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 whole	det
7	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 constitutes	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 exceed	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 exceed	cc
10	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	11 part	det
11	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 exceed	nsubj
12	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 exceed	aux
13	exceed	exceed	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 constitutes	conj
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 whole	det
15	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 exceed	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	present	hundred per cent	the whole					vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme whole=Pivot
2	exceed	may	no part	the whole					vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot whole=Theme

Option 2

Percentages may be applied solely to sums of money

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Percentages	percentage	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 applied	nsubj:pass
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 applied	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 applied	aux:pass
4	applied	apply	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	solely	solely	ADV	_	4 applied	advmod
6	to	to	ADP	_	7 sums	case
7	sums	sum	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 applied	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 money	case
9	money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 sums	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	apply	may · passive		Percentages				to sums of money; solely property	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	sum			money					nom sum «possession transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

The figure is an odd number and therefore cannot be divided

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 figure	det
2	figure	figure	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 number	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 number	cop
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 number	det
5	odd	odd	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 number	amod
6	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 divided	cc
8	therefore	therefore	ADV	_	12 divided	advmod
9	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 divided	aux
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 divided	advmod
11	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	12 divided	aux:pass
12	divided	divide	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 number	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the figure	a odd number					tree rules
2	not divide	can · passive	the figure not said here					therefore property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»

Option 4

Coaches are prohibited by regulation from employing percentages

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Coaches	coach	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 prohibited	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 prohibited	aux:pass
3	prohibited	prohibit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 regulation	case
5	regulation	regulation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 prohibited	obl
6	from	from	ADP	_	8 percentages	case
7	employing	employ	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 percentages	amod
8	percentages	percentage	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 prohibited	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prohibit	present · passive	regulation	Coaches		employing percentages			vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer subject=Beneficiary from percentage=Eventuality
2	employ	gerund							vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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