Test 1 · ★ · A bit nippy and not ideal: British understatement

«gran said it's a bit nippy so I'm going out in my t-shirt lol» There is snow on the ground. What is the problem?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: gran, snow, problem · What happens: say, be, go out · To what, where: t shirt, ground · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 49 «A bit nippy and not ideal: British understatement» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: «gran said it's a bit nippy so I'm going out in my t-shirt lol» There is snow on the ground.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	3 said	punct
2	gran	gran	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 said	nsubj
3	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 nippy	nsubj
5	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 nippy	cop
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 bit	det
7	bit	bit	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 nippy	obl:unmarked
8	nippy	nippy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 said	ccomp
9	so	so	ADV	_	12 going	advmod
10	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	12 going	nsubj
11	'm	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 going	aux
12	going	go	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 said	ccomp
13	out	out	ADV	_	12 going	advmod
14	in	in	ADP	_	18 shirt	case
15	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	18 shirt	nmod:poss
16	t	t	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 shirt	compound
17	-	-	PUNCT	_	16 t	punct
18	shirt	shirt	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 going	obl
19	lol	lol	INTJ	_	12 going	discourse
20	»	»	PUNCT	_	3 said	punct
21	There	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	22 is	expl
22	is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 said	ccomp
23	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 is	nsubj
24	on	on	ADP	_	26 ground	case
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 ground	det
26	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 is	obl
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 said	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert in a quote	past	gran			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	is in a quote	present	gran		a bit obl:unmarked; nippy property	tree rules
3	go out in a quote	present · progressive	gran	my t shirt	out property	vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	be	present	snow	the ground; there		vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on ground=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is the problem?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 problem	det
4	problem	problem	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the problem						tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

There is no problem, snow is warm if you keep moving about

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	There	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	2 is	expl
2	is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 problem	det
4	problem	problem	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 is	nsubj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 warm	punct
6	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 warm	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 warm	cop
8	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 is	parataxis
9	if	if	SCONJ	_	11 keep	mark
10	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	11 keep	nsubj
11	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 warm	advcl
12	moving	move	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 keep	xcomp
13	about	about	ADV	_	12 moving	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	be	present	no problem	there		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present	snow		warm property	tree rules
3	keep a condition, not said to happen	present	you			tree rules
4	move about	gerund	you not said here		about property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

Nothing, «a bit nippy» means a T-shirt is all you need on a snowy day like this one

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	8 means	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 nippy	punct
3	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 nippy	punct
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 bit	det
5	bit	bit	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 nippy	obl:unmarked
6	nippy	nippy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Nothing	amod
7	»	»	PUNCT	_	6 nippy	punct
8	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 shirt	det
10	T	t	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 shirt	compound
11	-	-	PUNCT	_	10 T	punct
12	shirt	shirt	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 means	obj
13	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 need	cop
14	all	all	ADV	_	16 need	advmod
15	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	16 need	nsubj
16	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 shirt	acl:relcl
17	on	on	ADP	_	20 day	case
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 day	det
19	snowy	snowy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 day	amod
20	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 need	obl
21	like	like	ADP	_	23 one	case
22	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	23 one	det
23	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 day	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	Nothing	a T shirt					vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shirt=Topic
2	is	present	you	a T shirt not said here			day	all, need property	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

«A bit nippy» was understatement; the snow shows it's freezing, so wrap up

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 nippy	punct
2	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 bit	det
3	bit	bit	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 nippy	obl:unmarked
4	nippy	nippy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	»	»	PUNCT	_	4 nippy	punct
6	was	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 nippy	conj
7	understatement	understatement	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 was	nsubj
8	;	;	PUNCT	_	11 shows	punct
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 snow	det
10	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 shows	nsubj
11	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 nippy	conj
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 freezing	nsubj
13	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 freezing	aux
14	freezing	freeze	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 shows	ccomp
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 wrap	punct
16	so	so	ADV	_	17 wrap	advmod
17	wrap	wrap	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	4 nippy	parataxis
18	up	up	ADP	_	17 wrap	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	roles by
1	be	past	understatement	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	show	present	the snow	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	freeze	present · progressive	snow	vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
4	wrap up	infinitive		vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme

Option 4

The problem is that Gran should have said it was boiling hot outside

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 problem	det
2	problem	problem	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 said	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 said	cop
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 said	mark
5	Gran	Gran	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 said	nsubj
6	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 said	aux
7	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 said	aux
8	said	say	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 boiling	nsubj
10	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 boiling	aux
11	boiling	boil	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 said	ccomp
12	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 boiling	xcomp
13	outside	outside	ADV	_	11 boiling	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	be speech: assert	should · present · perfect · passive		the problem				say property	tree rules
2	boil	past · progressive	problem					hot, outside property	vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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