Test 2 · ★ · A bit nippy and not ideal: British understatement Ava cries: «Dad only said NOT BAD about my cake!» Then she sees him eating his second slice. What should she think?
Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Ava, Dad · What happens: cry, say, see, eat, slice, think · To what, where: Dad, second slice · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 2 · ★ of lesson 49 «A bit nippy and not ideal: British understatement» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Ava cries: «Dad only said NOT BAD about my cake!»
nsubj punct punct nsubj advmod conj advmod xcomp case nmod:poss obl punct punct root Ava PROPN cries VERB : PUNCT « PUNCT Dad NOUN only ADV said VERB NOT PART BAD ADJ about ADP my PRON cake NOUN ! PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ava Ava PROPN Number=Sing 2 cries nsubj 2 cries cry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 : : PUNCT _ 2 cries punct 4 « « PUNCT _ 7 said punct 5 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 7 said nsubj 6 only only ADV _ 7 said advmod 7 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 cries conj 8 NOT not PART Polarity=Neg 9 BAD advmod 9 BAD bad ADJ Degree=Pos 7 said xcomp 10 about about ADP _ 12 cake case 11 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 cake nmod:poss 12 cake cake NOUN Number=Sing 9 BAD obl 13 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 cries punct 14 » » PUNCT _ 2 cries punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cry speech: express present Ava vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 say speech: assert in a quote past Dad bad property vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Then she sees him eating his second slice.
advmod nsubj obj xcomp nmod:poss amod obj punct root Then ADV she PRON sees VERB him PRON eating VERB his PRON second ADJ slice NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Then then ADV PronType=Dem 3 sees advmod 2 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 sees nsubj 3 sees see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 sees obj 5 eating eat VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 sees xcomp 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 slice nmod:poss 7 second second ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 8 slice amod 8 slice slice NOUN Number=Sing 5 eating obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 sees punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see present Ava Dad then tree rules 2 eat gerund Dad not said here Dad's second slice vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent slice=Patient 3 slice Dad nom slice «possession transitive»: poss=agent
Sentence 3: What should she think?
obj aux nsubj punct root What PRON should AUX she PRON think VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 4 think obj 2 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 think aux 3 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 think nsubj 4 think think VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 think punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 think speech: other should Ava vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot what=Theme
The options Option 1 · ✓ the right answer «Not bad at all» was big praise, and the second slice proves it
The tree, 13 words punct advmod nsubj case obl punct cop amod punct cc det amod nsubj acl:relcl obj root « PUNCT Not PART bad ADJ at ADP all DET » PUNCT was AUX big ADJ praise NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ the DET second ADJ slice NOUN proves VERB it PRON The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 bad punct 2 Not not PART Polarity=Neg 3 bad advmod 3 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 9 praise nsubj 4 at at ADP _ 5 all case 5 all all DET PronType=Tot 3 bad obl 6 » » PUNCT _ 3 bad punct 7 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 praise cop 8 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 9 praise amod 9 praise praise NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 , , PUNCT _ 15 proves punct 11 and and CCONJ _ 15 proves cc 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 slice det 13 second second ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 14 slice amod 14 slice slice NOUN Number=Sing 15 proves nsubj 15 proves prove VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 praise acl:relcl 16 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 proves obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past bad big praise tree rules 2 prove present the second slice praise vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
Option 2 He hates the cake but is eating a second slice just to be polite
nsubj det obj cc aux conj det amod obj advmod mark cop advcl root He PRON hates VERB the DET cake NOUN but CCONJ is AUX eating VERB a DET second ADJ slice NOUN just ADV to PART be AUX polite ADJ The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 hates nsubj 2 hates hate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 cake det 4 cake cake NOUN Number=Sing 2 hates obj 5 but but CCONJ _ 7 eating cc 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 eating aux 7 eating eat VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 hates conj 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 slice det 9 second second ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 10 slice amod 10 slice slice NOUN Number=Sing 7 eating obj 11 just just ADV _ 14 polite advmod 12 to to PART _ 14 polite mark 13 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 14 polite cop 14 polite polite ADJ Degree=Pos 7 eating advcl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hate present He the cake vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cake=Stimulus 2 eat present · progressive He not said here a second slice vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent slice=Patient 3 is to-infinitive He not said here polite property tree rules
Option 3 He is still hungry because the slices were small
nsubj cop advmod mark det nsubj cop advcl root He PRON is AUX still ADV hungry ADJ because SCONJ the DET slices NOUN were AUX small ADJ The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 hungry nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 hungry cop 3 still still ADV _ 4 hungry advmod 4 hungry hungry ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 because because SCONJ _ 9 small mark 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 slices det 7 slices slice NOUN Number=Plur 9 small nsubj 8 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 small cop 9 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 4 hungry advcl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present He still hungry property tree rules 2 is past the slices small property tree rules
Option 4 · ← Mova's choice He thinks the cake is only just okay
nsubj det nsubj cop advmod advmod ccomp root He PRON thinks VERB the DET cake NOUN is AUX only ADV just ADV okay ADJ The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 thinks nsubj 2 thinks think VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 cake det 4 cake cake NOUN Number=Sing 8 okay nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 okay cop 6 only only ADV _ 8 okay advmod 7 just just ADV _ 8 okay advmod 8 okay okay ADJ Degree=Pos 2 thinks ccomp
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 think speech: other present He vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present the cake okay property tree rules
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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