Exam question 1 · Pronouns: I, me, you, they and who

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a pronoun?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: pronoun

This is exam question 1 of lesson 5 «Pronouns: I, me, you, they and who» of the language course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 pronoun	det
10	pronoun	pronoun	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		a pronoun				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

A word conjoining two clauses

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 word	det
2	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	conjoining	conjoin	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 word	acl
4	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 clauses	nummod
5	clauses	clause	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 conjoining	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	conjoin	gerund	a word not said here	two clauses					vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clause=Patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

A word employed in place of a noun so as to avoid repetition

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 word	det
2	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 avoid	nsubj
3	employed	employ	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 word	acl
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 place	case
5	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 employed	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 noun	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 noun	det
8	noun	noun	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 place	nmod
9	so	so	ADV	_	12 avoid	advmod
10	as	as	SCONJ	_	12 avoid	mark
11	to	to	PART	_	12 avoid	mark
12	avoid	avoid	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
13	repetition	repetition	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 avoid	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	employ	participle		a word not said here		place of a noun			vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	avoid	to-infinitive	a word	repetition					vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent repetition=Location

Option 3

A word qualifying the action denoted by a verb in a clause

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 word	det
2	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	qualifying	qualify	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 word	acl
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 action	det
5	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 qualifying	obj
6	denoted	denote	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 action	acl
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 verb	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 verb	det
9	verb	verb	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 denoted	obl
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 clause	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 clause	det
12	clause	clause	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 qualifying	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	qualify	gerund	a word not said here	the action		a clause			tree rules
2	denote	participle		the action not said here				by a verb	vn indicate-78 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot

Option 4

A word denoting a collection of animals

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 word	det
2	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	denoting	denote	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 word	acl
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 collection	det
5	collection	collection	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 denoting	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 animals	case
7	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 collection	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	denote	gerund	a word not said here	a collection of animals					vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot collection=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/5-pronouns-i-me-you-they-and-who/e1/