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Test 7 · ★ · Pronouns: I, me, you, they and who

A boomer teacher says "To whom it may concern" is the only way to start every letter. Do you need "whom" in a note to your mate?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: boomer teacher, teacher, you · What happens: say, concern, be, start, need · To what, where: only way, letter, note · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 5 «Pronouns: I, me, you, they and who» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A boomer teacher says "To whom it may concern" is the only way to start every letter.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 teacher	det
2	boomer	boomer	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 teacher	compound
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 says	nsubj
4	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 whom	punct
6	To	to	PART	_	7 whom	mark
7	whom	whom	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 way	nsubj
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 concern	nsubj
9	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 concern	aux
10	concern	concern	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 whom	nsubj
11	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 whom	punct
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 way	cop
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 way	det
14	only	only	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 way	amod
15	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 says	ccomp
16	to	to	PART	_	17 start	mark
17	start	start	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	15 way	acl
18	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	19 letter	det
19	letter	letter	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 start	obj
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a boomer teacher						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	concern in a quote	may	teacher						tree rules
3	is a	present		the only way					tree rules
4	start	to-infinitive	a boomer teacher not said here	every letter					vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Do you need "whom" in a note to your mate?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 need	aux
2	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	3 need	nsubj
3	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 whom	punct
5	whom	whom	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 need	obj
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 whom	punct
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 note	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 note	det
9	note	note	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 whom	nmod
10	to	to	ADP	_	12 mate	case
11	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 mate	nmod:poss
12	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 note	nmod
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 need	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	need	present · do-support	you			a note to your mate			vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot whom=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Yes, "whom" is needed in every sentence

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	7 needed	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 needed	punct
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 whom	punct
4	whom	whom	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 needed	nsubj:pass
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 whom	punct
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 needed	aux:pass
7	needed	need	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 sentence	case
9	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	10 sentence	det
10	sentence	sentence	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 needed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	need	present · passive				every sentence			vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme

Option 2

No, use "whomst" instead

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	3 use	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	use	use	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 whomst	punct
5	whomst	whomst	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 use	obj
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 whomst	punct
7	instead	instead	ADV	_	3 use	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	imperative	you not said here	whomst				instead property	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whomst=Patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

No, in everyday speech "who" is fine

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	10 fine	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 speech	punct
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 speech	case
4	everyday	everyday	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 speech	amod
5	speech	speech	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 fine	nsubj
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 who	punct
7	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 speech	appos
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 who	punct
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 fine	cop
10	fine	fine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	everyday speech					fine property	tree rules

Option 4

Yes, or the letter is illegal

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	7 illegal	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 illegal	punct
3	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 illegal	cc
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 letter	det
5	letter	letter	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 illegal	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 illegal	cop
7	illegal	illegal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the letter					illegal property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/5-pronouns-i-me-you-they-and-who/t7/