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Test 7 · ★★ · Not unhappy and not half: litotes

★★ «Not bad», «not unhappy», «not too shabby», «no small thing». What do they all have in common?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: they · What happens: have · To what, where: common

This is test 7 · ★★ of lesson 50 «Not unhappy and not half: litotes» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: ★★ «Not bad», «not unhappy», «not too shabby», «no small thing».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	★	★	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	★	★	X	Foreign=Yes	1 ★	dep
3	«	«	PUNCT	_	5 bad	punct
4	Not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 bad	advmod
5	bad	bad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 ★	parataxis
6	»	»	PUNCT	_	5 bad	punct
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 unhappy	punct
8	«	«	PUNCT	_	10 unhappy	punct
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 unhappy	advmod
10	unhappy	unhappy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 ★	appos
11	»	»	PUNCT	_	10 unhappy	punct
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 shabby	punct
13	«	«	PUNCT	_	16 shabby	punct
14	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	16 shabby	advmod
15	too	too	ADV	_	16 shabby	advmod
16	shabby	shabby	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 ★	parataxis
17	»	»	PUNCT	_	16 shabby	punct
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 thing	punct
19	«	«	PUNCT	_	22 thing	punct
20	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	22 thing	det
21	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 thing	amod
22	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 ★	appos
23	»	»	PUNCT	_	22 thing	punct
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 ★	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Sentence 2: What do they all have in common?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 have	aux
3	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 have	nsubj
4	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 have	advmod
5	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	acl:relcl
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 common	case
7	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 have	obl
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present · do-support	they			common			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They say something good by saying «not» plus its opposite

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 say	nsubj
2	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 say	obj
4	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 something	amod
5	by	by	SCONJ	_	6 saying	mark
6	saying	say	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 say	advcl
7	«	«	PUNCT	_	8 not	punct
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 saying	advmod
9	»	»	PUNCT	_	8 not	punct
10	plus	plus	CCONJ	_	12 opposite	cc
11	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 opposite	nmod:poss
12	opposite	opposite	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 saying	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	They	something					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent something=Topic
2	not say speech: assert	gerund	They not said here						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

Option 2

They are all sarcasm that means the opposite

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 sarcasm	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 sarcasm	cop
3	all	all	ADV	_	4 sarcasm	advmod
4	sarcasm	sarcasm	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 means	nsubj
6	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 sarcasm	acl:relcl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 opposite	det
8	opposite	opposite	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 means	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	sarcasm				all property	tree rules
2	mean	present	sarcasm	the opposite					vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent opposite=Topic

Option 3

They all mean that the speaker is quite disappointed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 mean	nsubj
2	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	3 mean	advmod
3	mean	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	9 disappointed	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 speaker	det
6	speaker	speaker	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 disappointed	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 disappointed	cop
8	quite	quite	ADV	_	9 disappointed	advmod
9	disappointed	disappointed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 mean	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	They						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	the speaker					disappointed property	tree rules

Option 4

They are all hyperbole that makes things bigger

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 hyperbole	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 hyperbole	cop
3	all	all	ADV	_	4 hyperbole	advmod
4	hyperbole	hyperbole	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 makes	nsubj
6	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 hyperbole	acl:relcl
7	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 makes	obj
8	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 makes	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	hyperbole				all property	tree rules
2	make	present	hyperbole	things				big property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset thing=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/50-not-unhappy-and-not-half-litotes/t7/