Test 8 · ★★ · Not unhappy and not half: litotes
★★ A cartoon shows a man reading «she's no stranger to trouble» and thinking the girl has never met trouble. What is the right meaning?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: ★, cartoon, man, girl, right meaning · What happens: ★, show, read, be, think, not meet · To what, where: stranger, trouble · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 8 · ★★ of lesson 50 «Not unhappy and not half: litotes» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: ★★ A cartoon shows a man reading «she's no stranger to trouble» and thinking the girl has never met trouble.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ★ | ★ | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 ★ | nsubj |
| 2 | ★ | ★ | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 cartoon | det |
| 4 | cartoon | cartoon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 shows | nsubj |
| 5 | shows | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 ★ | ccomp |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 man | det |
| 7 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 met | nsubj |
| 8 | reading | read | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 man | acl |
| 9 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 13 stranger | punct |
| 10 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 stranger | nsubj |
| 11 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 stranger | cop |
| 12 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 13 stranger | det |
| 13 | stranger | stranger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 reading | obl |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 trouble | mark |
| 15 | trouble | trouble | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 stranger | advcl |
| 16 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 13 stranger | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 thinking | cc |
| 18 | thinking | think | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 8 reading | conj |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 girl | det |
| 20 | girl | girl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 thinking | obj |
| 21 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 met | aux |
| 22 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 23 met | advmod |
| 23 | met | meet | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 5 shows | ccomp |
| 24 | trouble | trouble | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 met | obj |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 ★ | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ★ | present | ★ | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | show | present | a cartoon | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | read | gerund | a man not said here | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | is a in a quote | present | cartoon | no stranger | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | think speech: other | gerund | the girl | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | not meet | present · perfect | a man | trouble | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trouble=Co-Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What is the right meaning?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | root | root |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 What | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 meaning | det |
| 4 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 meaning | amod |
| 5 | meaning | meaning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 What | nsubj |
| 6 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 What | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the right meaning | tree rules |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
She knows trouble very well, because she's often in it
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 knows | nsubj |
| 2 | knows | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | trouble | trouble | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 knows | obj |
| 4 | very | very | ADV | _ | 5 well | advmod |
| 5 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 2 knows | advmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 's | punct |
| 7 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 9 's | mark |
| 8 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 's | nsubj |
| 9 | 's | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 knows | parataxis |
| 10 | often | often | ADV | _ | 9 's | advmod |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 it | case |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 's | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | present | She | trouble | well property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer trouble=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | be | present | she | trouble | often property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in it=Location |
Option 2
She is new in town and doesn't know anyone
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 new | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 new | cop |
| 3 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 town | case |
| 5 | town | town | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 new | obl |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 know | cc |
| 7 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 know | aux |
| 8 | n't | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 9 know | advmod |
| 9 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 new | conj |
| 10 | anyone | anyone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 9 know | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | She | town | new property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | not know | present · do-support | She not said here | anyone | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer anyone=Stimulus |
Option 3
She has never once been in any trouble at all
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 has | nsubj |
| 2 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 8 trouble | advmod |
| 4 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 8 trouble | advmod |
| 5 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 8 trouble | cop |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 trouble | case |
| 7 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 8 trouble | det |
| 8 | trouble | trouble | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 has | obj |
| 9 | at | at | ADP | _ | 10 all | case |
| 10 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 8 trouble | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | She | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | not is | participle | any trouble | at all; once property | tree rules |
Option 4
Trouble is the name of her best friend
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Trouble | trouble | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 name | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 name | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 name | det |
| 4 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 friend | case |
| 6 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 friend | nmod:poss |
| 7 | best | good | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 8 friend | amod |
| 8 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 name | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Trouble | the name | of her best friend | tree rules |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/50-not-unhappy-and-not-half-litotes/t8/