Test 10 · ★★ · Sarcasm, hyperbole and understatement side by side

★★★ At the bus stop the real wait is 20 minutes. Ruby says «forever», Gran says «a few minutes», the timetable app says «20 min». Who used hyperbole, who used understatement, and who gave the fact?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: ★ ★ ★, real wait, Ruby, Gran, timetable app, hyperbole · What happens: stop, be, say, use, give · To what, where: 20 minutes, hyperbole, understatement, fact · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 10 · ★★ of lesson 52 «Sarcasm, hyperbole and understatement side by side» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: ★★★ At the bus stop the real wait is 20 minutes.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	★	★	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 ★	compound
2	★	★	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ★	compound
3	★	★	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 stop	nsubj
4	At	at	ADP	_	6 bus	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 bus	det
6	bus	bus	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ★	nmod
7	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 wait	det
9	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 wait	amod
10	wait	wait	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 minutes	nsubj
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 minutes	cop
12	20	20	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	13 minutes	nummod
13	minutes	minute	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 stop	parataxis
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 stop	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stop	infinitive	★ ★ ★ at the bus						vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
2	is a	present	the real wait	20 minutes					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Ruby says «forever», Gran says «a few minutes», the timetable app says «20 min».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ruby	Ruby	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 forever	punct
4	forever	forever	ADV	_	2 says	ccomp
5	»	»	PUNCT	_	4 forever	punct
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 says	punct
7	Gran	Gran	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 says	nsubj
8	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 says	parataxis
9	«	«	PUNCT	_	12 minutes	punct
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 minutes	det
11	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 minutes	amod
12	minutes	minute	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 says	obj
13	»	»	PUNCT	_	12 minutes	punct
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 says	punct
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 app	det
16	timetable	timetable	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 app	compound
17	app	app	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 says	nsubj
18	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 says	conj
19	«	«	PUNCT	_	21 min	punct
20	20	20	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	21 min	nummod
21	min	minute	NOUN	Abbr=Yes Number=Plur	18 says	obj
22	»	»	PUNCT	_	21 min	punct
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	when	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Ruby		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	say speech: assert	present	Gran	minute	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
3	say speech: assert	present	the timetable app	minute	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

Sentence 3: Who used hyperbole, who used understatement, and who gave the fact?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	2 used	nsubj
2	used	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	hyperbole	hyperbole	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 used	obj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 used	punct
5	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 used	nsubj
6	used	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 hyperbole	acl:relcl
7	understatement	understatement	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 used	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 gave	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 gave	cc
10	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 gave	nsubj
11	gave	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 used	conj
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 fact	det
13	fact	fact	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 gave	obj
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 used	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	use	past		hyperbole	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hyperbole=Patient
2	use	past	hyperbole	understatement	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent understatement=Patient
3	give	past		the fact	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fact=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Gran, Ruby, the app

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gran	Gran	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 Ruby	punct
3	Ruby	Ruby	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Gran	conj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 app	punct
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 app	det
6	app	app	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Gran	appos

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

The app, Ruby, Gran

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 app	det
2	app	app	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 Ruby	punct
4	Ruby	Ruby	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 app	appos
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 Gran	punct
6	Gran	Gran	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 Ruby	conj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3

Ruby, the app, Gran

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ruby	Ruby	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 app	punct
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 app	det
4	app	app	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ruby	appos
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 Gran	punct
6	Gran	Gran	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Ruby	conj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Ruby, Gran, the app

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ruby	Ruby	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 Gran	punct
3	Gran	Gran	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Ruby	conj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 app	punct
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 app	det
6	app	app	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ruby	appos

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/52-sarcasm-hyperbole-and-understatement-side-by-side/t10/