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Test 9 · ★★★ · ★★★ Olympiad: hyperbole and downplaying puzzles

★★★ Max: «I may have slightly broken the window». Lucy's neighbour: «it's nothing much». Both play things down. Which one should you NOT copy?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: I, neighbour, Both, one · What happens: break, be, play down, not copy · To what, where: window, things

This is test 9 · ★★★ of lesson 55 «★★★ Olympiad: hyperbole and downplaying puzzles» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: ★★★ Max: «I may have slightly broken the window».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	★	★	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 ★	compound
2	★	★	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ★	compound
3	★	★	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	Max	Max	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 ★	appos
5	:	:	PUNCT	_	11 broken	punct
6	«	«	PUNCT	_	11 broken	punct
7	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	11 broken	nsubj
8	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 broken	aux
9	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	11 broken	aux
10	slightly	slightly	ADV	_	11 broken	advmod
11	broken	break	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	3 ★	parataxis
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 window	det
13	window	window	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 broken	obj
14	»	»	PUNCT	_	11 broken	punct
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 ★	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	break in a quote	may · perfect	I	the window				slightly property	vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer window=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Lucy's neighbour: «it's nothing much».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lucy	Lucy	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 neighbour	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Lucy	case
3	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	9 much	punct
5	«	«	PUNCT	_	9 much	punct
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 much	nsubj
7	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 much	cop
8	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	9 much	nsubj
9	much	much	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 neighbour	appos
10	»	»	PUNCT	_	9 much	punct
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 neighbour	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is in a quote	present	neighbour					much property	tree rules

Sentence 3: Both play things down.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 play	nsubj
2	play	play	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 play	obj
4	down	down	ADP	_	2 play	compound:prt
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 play	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	play down	present	Both	things					vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme

Sentence 4: Which one should you NOT copy?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	DET	PronType=Int	2 one	det
2	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 copy	nsubj
3	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 copy	aux
4	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	6 copy	nsubj
5	NOT	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 copy	advmod
6	copy	copy	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 copy	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not copy	should	which one						vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Neither, because both are perfectly polite and kind

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Neither	neither	ADV	_	7 polite	advmod
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Neither	punct
3	because	because	SCONJ	_	7 polite	mark
4	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	7 polite	nsubj
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 polite	cop
6	perfectly	perfectly	ADV	_	7 polite	advmod
7	polite	polite	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 kind	cc
9	kind	kind	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 polite	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	both					neither, perfectly, polite property	tree rules
2	be		both not said here						tree rules

Option 2

Mrs Tanaka's, because playing down a gift is always rude

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mrs	Mrs	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	Tanaka	Tanaka	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Mrs	flat
3	's	's	PART	_	1 Mrs	case
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 rude	punct
5	because	because	SCONJ	_	12 rude	mark
6	playing	play	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	12 rude	csubj
7	down	down	ADP	_	6 playing	compound:prt
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 gift	det
9	gift	gift	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 playing	obj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 rude	cop
11	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	12 rude	advmod
12	rude	rude	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Mrs	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	play down	gerund		a gift					vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gift=Theme
2	is	present	playing					always, rude property	tree rules

Option 3

Both, because playing anything down is always lying

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 lying	punct
3	because	because	SCONJ	_	9 lying	mark
4	playing	play	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 lying	csubj
5	anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	4 playing	obj
6	down	down	ADP	_	4 playing	compound:prt
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 lying	aux
8	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	9 lying	advmod
9	lying	lie	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Both	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	play down	gerund		anything					vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Theme
2	lie	present · progressive	playing					always property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Max's, because he plays down his own mistake to dodge trouble

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Max	Max	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 mistake	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Max	case
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 plays	punct
4	because	because	SCONJ	_	6 plays	mark
5	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 plays	nsubj
6	plays	play	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 mistake	csubj
7	down	down	ADP	_	6 plays	compound:prt
8	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 mistake	nmod:poss
9	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 mistake	amod
10	mistake	mistake	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
11	to	to	PART	_	12 dodge	mark
12	dodge	dodge	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 mistake	acl
13	trouble	trouble	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 dodge	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	play down	present	Max						vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	dodge	to-infinitive		trouble					vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent trouble=Location
3	mistake		Max						nom mistake «act intransitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/55-olympiad-hyperbole-and-downplaying-puzzles/t9/