Exam question 4 · Prepositions and conjunctions: little words that hold sent…

Given the utterance "I went home. Because I was tired.", ascertain the correction most consistent with the conventions of written English.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: I, you · What happens: give, go, be, ascertain, write · To what, where: correction

This is exam question 4 of lesson 6 «Prepositions and conjunctions: little words that hold sentences together» of the language course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Given the utterance "I went home.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 utterance	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 utterance	det
3	utterance	utterance	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 went	obl
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 went	punct
5	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 went	nsubj
6	went	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	home	home	ADV	_	6 went	advmod
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 went	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	participle							vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient
2	go in a quote	past	I					give the utterance; home property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Because I was tired.", ascertain the correction most consistent with the conventions of written English.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Because	because	SCONJ	_	4 tired	mark
2	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 tired	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 tired	cop
4	tired	tired	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 ascertain	advcl
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 tired	punct
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 tired	punct
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 ascertain	punct
8	ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 correction	det
10	correction	correction	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 ascertain	obj
11	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	12 consistent	advmod
12	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 correction	amod
13	with	with	ADP	_	15 conventions	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 conventions	det
15	conventions	convention	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 consistent	obl
16	of	of	ADP	_	18 English	case
17	written	write	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	18 English	amod
18	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 conventions	nmod
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	past	I		tired property	tree rules
2	ascertain in a quote	imperative	you not said here	the correction		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent correction=Topic
3	write in a quote	participle				vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

I went. Home because I was tired.

Sentence 1: I went.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 went	nsubj
2	went	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 went	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go	past	I						vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Sentence 2: Home because I was tired.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Home	home	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	because	because	SCONJ	_	5 tired	mark
3	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	5 tired	nsubj
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 tired	cop
5	tired	tired	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Home	advcl
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Home	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	I					tired property	tree rules

Option 2

I went home. Because, I was tired.

Sentence 1: I went home.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 went	nsubj
2	went	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	home	home	ADV	_	2 went	advmod
4	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 went	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go	past	I					home property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Sentence 2: Because, I was tired.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Because	because	SCONJ	_	5 tired	mark
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Because	punct
3	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	5 tired	nsubj
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 tired	cop
5	tired	tired	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 tired	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	I					tired property	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

I went home because I was tired.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 went	nsubj
2	went	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	home	home	ADV	_	2 went	advmod
4	because	because	SCONJ	_	7 tired	mark
5	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	7 tired	nsubj
6	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 tired	cop
7	tired	tired	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 went	advcl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 went	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go	past	I					home property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	past	I					tired property	tree rules

Option 4

Because I went home. I was tired.

Sentence 1: Because I went home.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Because	because	SCONJ	_	3 went	mark
2	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 went	nsubj
3	went	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	home	home	ADV	_	3 went	advmod
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 went	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go	past	I					home property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Sentence 2: I was tired.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 tired	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 tired	cop
3	tired	tired	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 tired	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	I					tired property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/6-prepositions-and-conjunctions/e4/