Test 1 · ★ · Kinds of sentences: statements, questions, commands, excla…
Your mate goes "'Run!' ain't a sentence, it's one word, mate." What's the best reply?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: mate, best reply · What happens: go, be · To what, where: one word · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 7 «Kinds of sentences: statements, questions, commands, exclamations» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Your mate goes "'Run!' ain't a sentence, it's one word, mate."
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 mate | nmod:poss |
| 2 | mate | mate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 goes | nsubj |
| 3 | goes | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 Run | punct |
| 5 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 6 Run | punct |
| 6 | Run | Run | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 goes | parataxis |
| 7 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 6 Run | punct |
| 8 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 6 Run | punct |
| 9 | ai | ai | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 Run | list |
| 10 | n't | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 12 sentence | advmod |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 sentence | det |
| 12 | sentence | sentence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 ai | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 word | punct |
| 14 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 word | nsubj |
| 15 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 word | cop |
| 16 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 17 word | nummod |
| 17 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 goes | parataxis |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 mate | punct |
| 19 | mate | mate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 word | vocative |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 goes | punct |
| 21 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 goes | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | present | Your mate | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | is a in a quote | present | mate | one word | mate vocative | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What's the best reply?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | root | root |
| 2 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 What | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 reply | det |
| 4 | best | good | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 5 reply | amod |
| 5 | reply | reply | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 What | nsubj |
| 6 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 What | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the best reply | tree rules |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
He's right, sentences need five words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 right | nsubj |
| 2 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 right | cop |
| 3 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 need | punct |
| 5 | sentences | sentence | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 need | nsubj |
| 6 | need | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 right | parataxis |
| 7 | five | five | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 8 words | nummod |
| 8 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 need | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | He | right property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | need | present | sentences | five words | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot word=Theme |
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
It's a full command; the "you" is understood
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 command | nsubj |
| 2 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 command | cop |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 command | det |
| 4 | full | full | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 command | amod |
| 5 | command | command | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 understood | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 9 you | punct |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 you | det |
| 8 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 you | punct |
| 9 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 5 command | conj |
| 10 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 you | punct |
| 11 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 understood | aux:pass |
| 12 | understood | understand | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | It | a full command | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | understand | present · passive | a full command | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus |
Option 3
It's a noun, not a sentence
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 noun | nsubj |
| 2 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 noun | cop |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 noun | det |
| 4 | noun | noun | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 sentence | punct |
| 6 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 8 sentence | advmod |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 sentence | det |
| 8 | sentence | sentence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 noun | appos |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | It | a noun | tree rules |
Option 4
He's right, sentences need a subject written
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 right | nsubj |
| 2 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 right | cop |
| 3 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 need | punct |
| 5 | sentences | sentence | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 need | nsubj |
| 6 | need | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 right | parataxis |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 subject | det |
| 8 | subject | subject | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 need | obj |
| 9 | written | write | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 need | xcomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | He | right property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | need | present | sentences | a subject | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | write not said to happen | participle | a subject not said here | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/7-kinds-of-sentences/t1/