Mova0.5 pre-release⌕

☰

home / corpora / questions / Language / Tenses: past, present and future / t7

Test 7 · ★★ · Tenses: past, present and future

Your little cousin says English has no future at all "cos there's no future ending." What's true?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: little cousin, English · What happens: say, have, be · To what, where: future, future ending · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 7 · ★★ of lesson 8 «Tenses: past, present and future» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Your little cousin says English has no future at all "cos there's no future ending."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 cousin	nmod:poss
2	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 cousin	amod
3	cousin	cousin	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 says	nsubj
4	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 has	nsubj
6	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 says	ccomp
7	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	8 future	det
8	future	future	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 has	obj
9	at	at	ADP	_	17 ending	case
10	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	17 ending	det
11	"	"	PUNCT	_	17 ending	punct
12	cos	cos	SCONJ	_	14 's	mark
13	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	14 's	expl
14	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 ending	cop
15	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	17 ending	det
16	future	future	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 ending	amod
17	ending	ending	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 has	obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 says	punct
19	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Your little cousin						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	have	present	English	no future					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent future=Patient
3	is in a quote	present				all future ending			tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

English has a future ending -ed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 ed	det
4	future	future	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 ed	amod
5	ending	ending	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 ed	compound
6	-	-	PUNCT	_	5 ending	punct
7	ed	ed	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 has	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	English	a future ending ed					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ed=Patient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

English shows the future with helpers like will and going to

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 shows	nsubj
2	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 future	det
4	future	future	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 shows	obj
5	with	with	ADP	_	6 helpers	case
6	helpers	helper	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 shows	obl
7	like	like	ADP	_	8 will	case
8	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 helpers	acl:relcl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 going	cc
10	going	go	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 shows	conj
11	to	to	PART	_	10 going	fixed

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	English	the future				with helpers	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent future=Recipient
2	go	gerund	English not said here						vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

English uses only "shall" for the future

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 uses	nsubj
2	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	5 shall	advmod
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 shall	punct
5	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	2 uses	obj
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 shall	punct
7	for	for	ADP	_	9 future	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 future	det
9	future	future	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 uses	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present	English					for the future	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent shall=Theme for future=Eventuality

Option 4

He's right, English has no way at all to talk about tomorrow

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 has	punct
5	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 has	nsubj
6	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	csubj
7	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	8 way	det
8	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 has	obj
9	at	at	ADP	_	10 all	case
10	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	8 way	nmod
11	to	to	PART	_	12 talk	mark
12	talk	talk	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 way	acl
13	about	about	ADP	_	14 tomorrow	case
14	tomorrow	tomorrow	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 talk	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	He					right property	tree rules
2	have	present	English	no way		all			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Patient
3	talk	to-infinitive	English not said here	no way not said here			tomorrow		vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/8-tenses-past-present-future/t7/