Test 9 · ★★ · Tenses: past, present and future
Your Indian English cousin says "Today I am having a cold." Did you understand her?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: Indian English cousin, you · What happens: say, have, understand · To what, where: cold, cousin · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 9 · ★★ of lesson 8 «Tenses: past, present and future» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Your Indian English cousin says "Today I am having a cold."
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 cousin | nmod:poss |
| 2 | Indian | Indian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 cousin | amod |
| 3 | English | English | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 cousin | amod |
| 4 | cousin | cousin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 says | nsubj |
| 5 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 having | punct |
| 7 | Today | today | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 having | obl:unmarked |
| 8 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 10 having | nsubj |
| 9 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 having | aux |
| 10 | having | have | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 says | ccomp |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 cold | det |
| 12 | cold | cold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 having | obj |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 having | punct |
| 14 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 having | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | Your Indian English cousin | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | have in a quote | present · progressive | Your Indian English cousin = cousin | a cold | today | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cold=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Did you understand her?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 understand | aux |
| 2 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 3 understand | nsubj |
| 3 | understand | understand | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 understand | obj |
| 5 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 understand | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | understand | past · do-support | you | cousin | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer she=Stimulus |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
Yes, she has a cold today
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 4 has | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 has | punct |
| 3 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 has | nsubj |
| 4 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 today | det |
| 6 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 today | amod |
| 7 | today | today | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 has | obl:unmarked |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | she | today | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
Option 2
Yes, she gave someone a cold
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 4 gave | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 gave | punct |
| 3 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 gave | nsubj |
| 4 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | someone | someone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 4 gave | obj |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 cold | det |
| 7 | cold | cold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 gave | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | past | she | a cold | someone | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent someone=Recipient cold=Theme |
Option 3
No, she is buying a cold drink
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 5 buying | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 buying | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 buying | aux |
| 5 | buying | buy | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 drink | det |
| 7 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 drink | amod |
| 8 | drink | drink | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 buying | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | buy | present · progressive | she | a cold drink | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drink=Theme |
Option 4
No, she will have a cold later
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 5 have | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 have | nsubj |
| 4 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 have | aux |
| 5 | have | have | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 cold | det |
| 7 | cold | cold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 have | obj |
| 8 | later | late | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 5 have | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | future | she | a cold | late property | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cold=Patient |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/8-tenses-past-present-future/t9/