Exam question 4 · Irregular verbs: goed, brung and other brave mistakes

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the past forms "dived" and "dove".

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: response, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, form, dive · To what, where: past, dove

This is exam question 4 of lesson 9 «Irregular verbs: goed, brung and other brave mistakes» of the language course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 forms	advcl
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 forms	nsubj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	amod
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 past	det
11	past	past	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	forms	form	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	14 dived	punct
14	dived	dive	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 forms	obj
15	"	"	PUNCT	_	14 dived	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 dove	cc
17	"	"	PUNCT	_	18 dove	punct
18	dove	dove	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 dived	obj
19	"	"	PUNCT	_	18 dove	punct
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	12 forms	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	select	infinitive	the response not said here		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	establish	participle			vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the past	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus past=Experiencer
4	form	present	the response		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	dive in a quote	past		dove	vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location dove=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The former is erroneous in every variety of English

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 former	det
2	former	former	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 erroneous	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 erroneous	cop
4	erroneous	erroneous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 variety	case
6	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	7 variety	det
7	variety	variety	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 erroneous	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 English	case
9	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 variety	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the former			every variety of English		erroneous property	tree rules

Option 2

The latter is erroneous in every variety of English

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 latter	det
2	latter	latter	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 erroneous	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 erroneous	cop
4	erroneous	erroneous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 variety	case
6	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	7 variety	det
7	variety	variety	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 erroneous	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 English	case
9	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 variety	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the latter			every variety of English		erroneous property	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The former is standard in British usage and the latter common in American usage

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 former	det
2	former	former	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 standard	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 standard	cop
4	standard	standard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 usage	case
6	British	British	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 usage	amod
7	usage	usage	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 standard	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 common	cc
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 common	det
10	latter	latter	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 common	amod
11	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 standard	conj
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 usage	case
13	American	American	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 usage	amod
14	usage	usage	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 common	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the former			British usage		standard property	tree rules
2	be		the former not said here			American usage			tree rules

Option 4

Neither form exists in any dictionary

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Neither	neither	DET	PronType=Neg	2 form	det
2	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 exists	nsubj
3	exists	exist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 dictionary	case
5	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	6 dictionary	det
6	dictionary	dictionary	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 exists	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exist	present	neither form			any dictionary			vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in dictionary=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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