Exam question 1 · Snap! Breaking a bone

Identify the investigation which most reliably establishes whether a bone has been fractured.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, establish, fracture · To what, where: investigation, bone

This is exam question 1 of lesson 1 «Snap! Breaking a bone» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 investigation	det
3	investigation	investigation	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 establishes	obj
5	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	6 reliably	advmod
6	reliably	reliably	ADV	_	7 establishes	advmod
7	establishes	establish	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 investigation	acl:relcl
8	whether	whether	SCONJ	_	13 fractured	mark
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 bone	det
10	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 fractured	nsubj:pass
11	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 fractured	aux
12	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	13 fractured	aux:pass
13	fractured	fracture	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 establishes	advcl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the investigation		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent investigation=Theme
2	establish	present		the investigation	reliably property	vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Patient
3	fracture	present · perfect · passive		a bone		vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Auditory detection of a cracking sound

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Auditory	auditory	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 detection	compound
2	detection	detection	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 sound	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 sound	det
5	cracking	crack	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 sound	amod
6	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 detection	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	crack	gerund							vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	detect			a cracking sound					nom detection «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

Manipulation of the affected limb by the patient

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Manipulation	manipulation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 limb	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 limb	det
4	affected	affect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 limb	amod
5	limb	limb	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Manipulation	nmod
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 patient	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 patient	det
8	patient	patient	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Manipulation	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	affect	participle							vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
2	manipulate		the patient	the affected limb					nom manipulation «act transitive»: of=patient by=agent

Option 3

Observation of bruising over the site

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Observation	observation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	of	of	SCONJ	_	3 bruising	mark
3	bruising	bruise	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Observation	acl
4	over	over	ADP	_	6 site	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 site	det
6	site	site	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 bruising	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bruise	gerund	Observation not said here			the site			vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Radiographic imaging, commonly termed an X-ray

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Radiographic	Radiographic	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 imaging	nsubj
2	imaging	image	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 termed	punct
4	commonly	commonly	ADV	_	5 termed	advmod
5	termed	term	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 imaging	xcomp
6	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 ray	det
7	X	x	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 ray	compound
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	7 X	punct
9	ray	ray	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 termed	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	image	gerund	Radiographic						tree rules
2	term	participle	Radiographic not said here	a X ray				commonly property	vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ray=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/1-snap-breaking-a-bone/e1/